Empowering Women's Health: Insights from a Gynecologist
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Summary:
– An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped plastic and copper device that is inserted into the womb to prevent pregnancy.
– When inserted correctly, IUDs are over 99% effective and can last for 5 to 10 years.
– IUDs can be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle if the person is not pregnant.
– IUDs can be removed at any time by a trained medical professional.
– Side effects can include heavier, longer, or more painful periods, spotting or bleeding between periods, and a small risk of infection.
– The IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so additional protection may be needed.
– The copper in the IUD alters cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach an egg and preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg.
– IUDs can be left in place until menopause or when contraception is no longer needed for those over 40 years old.
– Before insertion, a GP or nurse will check the position and size of the womb and may test for existing infections.
– The fitting process takes about 20 to 30 minutes, with the IUD being inserted through the cervix into the womb.
– Local anesthesia can be used to minimize discomfort during insertion.
– After having an IUD fitted, period-type cramps and bleeding may occur for a few days.
– A GP may recommend checking the IUD after 3 to 6 weeks.
– If there are any problems or if removal is desired, the GP should be consulted.
– If there is a risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI), it may lead to an infection in the pelvis and should be addressed with a GP.
– IUDs have two thin threads that can be checked by the user to make sure it is still in place.
– If the threads cannot be felt or if the IUD has moved, there may be a risk of pregnancy, and additional contraception should be used until checked by a GP.
– If the partner can feel the IUD during sex, a check-up should be scheduled.
– Additional contraception should be used for 7 days before IUD removal if not replacing the IUD.
– Most individuals with a womb can use an IUD, with exceptions for those who may be pregnant, have untreated STIs or pelvic infections, have womb or cervix issues, or experience unexplained bleeding.
– People who have had an ectopic pregnancy or have an artificial heart valve should consult their GP before getting an IUD.
– IUDs can usually be fitted 4 weeks after giving birth, and alternative contraception should be used until then.
– IUDs have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
– IUDs can be obtained for free from contraception clinics, sexual health or genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, GP surgeries, and some young people’s services.
– Contraception services are free and confidential for people under 16.
– Healthcare professionals will not inform parents or caregivers if under 16 seeking contraception, as long as they believe the person fully understands the information and decisions being made.
– Professionals may only disclose information if they believe the individual is at risk of harm, such as abuse.
– An IUD can last between 5 to 10 years, depending on the type.
– Periods may become heavier, longer, or more painful in the first 3 to 6 months after insertion.
– Spotting or bleeding between periods may occur.
– There is a small risk of infection or expulsion of the IUD.
– Previous pelvic infections may make IUDs unsuitable.
– IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
– IUDs release copper into the womb, which alters cervical mucus and makes it difficult for sperm to reach an egg and implant itself.
– Before insertion, a GP or nurse will check the position and size of the womb and test for existing infections.
– The appointment takes about 20 to 30 minutes, with fitting taking no longer than 5 minutes.
– IUD insertion can be uncomfortable or painful, but local anesthesia can be used to help.
– Painkillers can be taken after insertion if needed.
– There is a small chance of getting thrush that keeps coming back after having an IUD fitted.
– If the IUD fails and a woman becomes pregnant, there is an increased risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
– IUDs can be obtained for free from contraception clinics, sexual health or genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, GP surgeries, and some young people’s services.
– Contraception services are free and confidential for people under 16.
– Healthcare professionals will not inform parents or carers about a person under 16 seeking contraception, as long as they believe the person understands the information and decisions being made.
– Professionals may disclose information if they believe the person is at risk of harm, such as abuse.
– The rhythm method, also known as the calendar method or calendar rhythm method, is a form of natural family planning.
– It involves tracking menstrual history to predict ovulation and determine the best days for conception or to avoid pregnancy.
– The method requires careful record keeping and persistence.
– The rhythm method can be used as a way to promote fertility or as a method of contraception.
– It can be an option for women with complex medical history or for religious reasons.
– The rhythm method is considered one of the least effective forms of birth control.
– As many as 24 out of 100 women using natural family planning become pregnant in the first year.
– The method does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
– There is no special preparation required for tracking menstrual history, but if using the rhythm method for birth control, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider.
– Steps for using the traditional calendar rhythm method include recording the length of 6-12 menstrual cycles and determining the length of the shortest cycle to determine the first fertile day of the cycle.
– The fertile days are determined by subtracting 18 from the total number of days in the shortest cycle.
– The first fertile day is the 8th day of the cycle.
– The last fertile day is determined by subtracting 11 from the total number of days in the longest cycle.
– The last fertile day is the 21st day of the cycle.
– Unprotected sex is off-limits during the fertile days if trying to avoid pregnancy.
– Regular sex is recommended during the fertile days for those trying to conceive.
– Factors like medications, stress, and illness can affect the timing of ovulation, so the calculations should be updated every month.
– This method is best for menstrual cycles that are usually between 26 and 32 days long.
– Day 1 is the first day of menstrual bleeding, and the counting continues until the next cycle starts.
– Days 1-7 are considered non-fertile, and unprotected sex is allowed during this time.
– Days 8-19 are considered fertile, and it is recommended to avoid unprotected sex or abstain from sex to avoid pregnancy.
Abortifacient agents:
1. Carboprost tromethamine
2. Methotrexate
3. Mifepristone
4. Misoprostol
5. Trilostane
6. Dinoprost tromethamine
7. Gemeprost
8. Sulprostone
9. Dinoprost
Note: Cloprostenol is not mentioned in the text.
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– An intrauterine device (IUD) is a popular form of reversible birth control that is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy with typical use.
– It is possible to become pregnant with an IUD inserted, although it is rare. The failure rate of IUDs is as low as 0.02%, meaning pregnancy could happen in about 1 out of every 5,000 people with an IUD.
– Pregnancy with an IUD can occur if the IUD is not effective immediately or if it shifts its position.
– Copper IUDs, like Paragard, protect against pregnancy immediately due to the copper changing the uterine environment. Hormonal IUDs, like Mirena or Kyleena, take about seven days to start working, but are effective immediately if inserted during your period.
– If an IUD shifts position or remains in the body longer than recommended, it may no longer be fully effective at preventing pregnancy.
– It is important to contact healthcare providers if pregnancy is suspected while an IUD is in place, as it can be dangerous.
– Healthcare providers can discuss options for terminating the pregnancy or continuing with the pregnancy in these cases.
– IUDs have varying recommended durations of use: Skyla (3 years), Kyleena (5 years), Mirena (8 years), Paragard (10 years), Liletta (8 years).
– Signs that the IUD may be out of place and the person may be at risk of pregnancy include: inability to feel the strings, shorter or longer strings than usual, ability to feel the IUD itself, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, severe cramping, and changes in discharge.
– Symptoms of pregnancy with an IUD are similar to typical early pregnancy symptoms: missed periods, nausea and vomiting, headaches, sore and enlarged breasts, tiredness or fatigue, mild cramping, and light spotting.
– It is recommended to take an at-home pregnancy test if pregnancy is suspected, but accuracy depends on following instructions and not testing too early after conception. It is also advised to consult a healthcare provider and consider a pregnancy test in the office.
– Risks of pregnancy with an IUD include ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, preterm delivery, uterine and fetal infections, slow fetal growth, early membrane rupture, and low birth weight.
– It is important to see a healthcare provider immediately if any problems with the IUD or suspicion of pregnancy arise.
– Terminating the pregnancy should be discussed with a healthcare professional, especially in cases of ectopic pregnancy where it is necessary due to health risks.
– Pregnancies can be terminated with medication or surgery, depending on the stage of pregnancy.
– Removing the IUD can reduce complications, but the pregnancy is still considered high risk.
– IUDs have a lower risk of pregnancy, including ectopic pregnancy, compared to other forms of contraception.
– It is possible to deliver a healthy baby if the embryo is viable.
– Contact a healthcare professional if you suspect your IUD is not effective.
– If you choose to continue the pregnancy, the IUD will likely need to be removed and complications will be monitored throughout the pregnancy.
– Seeking care from an Obstetrician/Gynecologist (Ob/Gyn) is important to reduce the risk of serious complications.
– Stainless steel ring IUD
– Chinese ring IUD
– Graefenberg ring
– Silver and copper IUD
– Contraceptive device
– Shanghai stainless steel ring
– One-inch diameter ring
– Springy and flexible IUD
– Easy removal with a special hooking device
– Insertion after placenta delivery or C-section
– Low expulsion and infection rates
– Abdominal tubal sterilization, also known as tubal ligation or having your tubes tied, is a type of permanent birth control for women.
– The procedure involves cutting, tying, or blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.
– Tubal ligation does not affect the menstrual cycle.
– It can be done at any time, including after childbirth or in combination with another abdominal surgery like a C-section.
– Most tubal ligation procedures cannot be reversed and attempting reversal requires major surgery.
– Tubal ligation is one of the most commonly used surgical sterilization procedures for women.
– It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
– It may decrease the risk of ovarian cancer if the fallopian tubes are removed.
– Risks associated with tubal ligation include damage to the bowel, bladder, or major blood vessels, reaction to anesthesia, improper wound healing or infection, continued pelvic or abdominal pain, and failure of the procedure leading to future unwanted pregnancy.
– Factors that increase the risk of complications include a history of pelvic or abdominal surgery, obesity, and diabetes.
– Before undergoing tubal ligation, a healthcare provider will discuss the reasons for wanting sterilization, factors that could lead to regret, risks and benefits of reversible and permanent contraception methods, details of the procedure, causes and probability of failure, ways to prevent sexually transmitted infections, and the best time to do the procedure.
– Tubal ligation can be done following a vaginal birth using a small incision under the belly button.
– Tubal ligation can be performed during a C-section or as an outpatient procedure using a laparoscope and short-acting anesthesia.
– Common side effects of tubal ligation include abdominal pain or cramping, fatigue, dizziness, gassiness or bloating, and shoulder pain.
– Recovery involves avoiding straining or rubbing the incision, refraining from heavy lifting and sex until instructed by a healthcare provider, and gradually resuming normal activities.
– Stitches dissolve on their own, and a follow-up appointment may be needed.
– Possible complications include a temperature of 100.4 F or greater, fainting spells, severe abdominal pain, bleeding or foul-smelling discharge from the wound.
– The success rate of tubal ligation is high, with fewer than 1 out of 100 women getting pregnant in the first year after the procedure.
– However, the younger the individual, the higher the risk of failure.
– If pregnancy occurs, there is a risk of ectopic pregnancy, which requires immediate medical treatment and cannot continue to birth.
– Abdominal tubal sterilization is a form of permanent birth control that involves sealing the fallopian tubes by destroying parts of the tubes or blocking them with plastic rings or clips.
– Intrauterine device
– IUD
– IUD expulsion
– Contraceptive method
– Flexible plastic
– Long-term pregnancy prevention
– Emergency birth control
– Hormonal IUDs
– Mirena
– Liletta
– Skyla
– Progestin
– Ovulation prevention
– Copper IUDs
– ParaGard
– Sperm prevention
– Spotting between periods
– Cramping
– Back pain
– Pelvic infection
– Uterine perforation
– Heavier periods
– Specific IUDs not recommended
– Acute liver disease
– Jaundice
– Wilson’s disease
– Birth control methods
– Future plans for having children
– Sexually transmitted diseases
– Daily birth control pills
– Smoking status
– Negative side effects
– Availability
– Affordability
– Comfort with birth control device
– Highly effective forms of birth control
– Backup birth control
– Reinsertion
– Preferred choice of birth control
– IUD shifting out of place
– Partial or full dislodgment
– Signs of an IUD out of place
– Feeling the IUD during sex
– Abdominal cramping or pain
– Unusual vaginal discharge
– Heavier or atypical vaginal bleeding
– Fever or chills
– Checking if IUD is in place
– Thin string hanging down
– Contacting a doctor
– Protection against pregnancy
– Alternative birth control
– Emergency contraception
– Higher chance of IUD falling out in the first 3 months
– Risk factors for IUD displacement
– Immediate insertion after giving birth
– Breastfeeding
– Abnormal uterus position
– Incorrect fitting and insertion
– Menstrual cup that doesn’t fit the IUD
– Pros of using IUDs
– High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy
– No need to remember to take medication
– Easy reversibility for those who want to conceive
– Improvement of heavy periods and cramping with hormonal IUDs
– Hormone-free form of birth control with copper IUDs
– Emergency contraception within 5 days after unprotected sex
– Cons of IUDs
– Painful insertion
– Changes in bleeding patterns
– Irregular bleeding or spotting between periods
– Uterus perforation and infection
– Unintended pregnancy if the IUD falls out
– Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy or septic abortion
– Consultation with a doctor for birth control options
– Hormone effects
– Side effects
– Protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
– Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy
– Ease of use
– Interactions with health conditions, medications, or supplements
– Additional protection against STIs
– Frequently asked questions
– Possibility of getting hurt if the IUD is out of place
– Uterus perforation
– IUD expulsion rate
– Symptoms of IUD falling out
– Abdominal pain or discomfort
– Severe cramping
– Pain or bleeding during sex
– Displacement of IUD
– Shifting out of place
– Partially or fully dislodged
– Risk factors for displacement
– Signs of displaced IUD
– Not able to feel IUD string
– String feeling shorter or longer
– Feeling IUD during sex
– IUD coming out of cervix
– Abdominal cramping
– Pain, discomfort
– Unusual vaginal discharge
– Heavier or atypical vaginal bleeding
– Fever or chills
– IUD no longer providing pregnancy protection
– Different form of birth control may be needed
– Emergency contraception
– Contact a doctor
– Pros of IUDs
– High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy
– No need to remember to take medication
– Easy reversibility
– Improvement of heavy periods and cramping
– Effectiveness as emergency contraception
– Cons of IUDs
– Painful insertion
– Changes in bleeding patterns
– Perforation leading to bleeding or infection
– Unintended pregnancy due to displacement
– Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy or septic abortion
– Consult with a doctor
– Effects on hormones
– Potential side effects or risks
– Protection against sexually transmitted infections
– Interactions with other health conditions, medications, or supplements
– IUDs do not protect against STIs
– Additional protection such as condoms needed
– Potential harm caused by out-of-place IUD
– Possibility of IUD falling out (expulsion)
– Feelings associated with IUD displacement
– Rate of expulsion
– Physical symptoms of IUD displacement
– Factors that increase the likelihood of displacement
– Checking if IUD has moved
– Washing hands, squatting or sitting, inserting a finger
– Feeling for string ends without tugging or pulling
– Steps taken by doctors to determine if IUD has moved
– Contacting a doctor or healthcare provider
– Examination and tests
– Emergency contraception and backup method
– Decision to remove or leave IUD
– Ultrasound to locate IUD
– X-ray if IUD cannot be found
– Laparoscopic procedure for removal and replacement
– Alternative birth control options
– Doctor may see IUD in cervix
– Pros and cons of using an IUD
– IUD effectiveness
– Long-lasting form of birth control
– Reversibility and possibility of pregnancy after removal
– Benefits of hormonal IUDs
– Benefits of copper IUDs
– Cost comparison to other methods
– Pain during insertion and removal
– Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
– Effects of copper IUD on periods and cramps
– Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease
– Rare possibility of uterine perforation
– Etonogestrel: long-acting synthetic progestin contraceptive used in rings and implants
– Desogestrel: synthetic progestin used in contraception with ethinyl estradiol
– Megestrol acetate: progestin used orally for anorexia, weight loss, and as anticancer agent
– Levonorgestrel: progestin found in oral and IUD contraceptives, emergency contraceptives
– Medroxyprogesterone acetate: progestin used in contraception, amenorrhea, endometriosis, cancer treatment
– Norethisterone: synthetic progestin used for contraception, hormone replacement therapy, endometriosis
– Ethynodiol diacetate: oral contraceptive to prevent pregnancy
– Mifepristone: cortisol receptor blocker used for Cushing’s syndrome and pregnancy termination
– Norgestimate: progesterone used as contraceptive and acne treatment
– Dienogest: oral progestin used for endometriosis treatment and contraception
– Norgestrienone: not annotated
– Estradiol cypionate: estradiol prodrug used for vasomotor symptoms and hypoestrogenisms
– Ormeloxifene: selective estrogen receptor modulator used as non-hormonal contraceptive
– Diethylstilbestrol: used in prostate cancer treatment and prevention of miscarriage
– Cyproterone acetate: used with ethinyl estradiol for severe acne and androgenization symptoms
– Drospirenone: progestin used in oral contraceptive pills
– Hydroxyprogesterone caproate: synthetic progestin to prevent preterm births in women with previous history
– Nomegestrol acetate: used in oral contraceptives, menopausal hormone therapy, treatment of gynecological disorders
– Quingestanol: no annotations or information provided
– Ethinylestradiol: used as a contraceptive
– Ulipristal: selective progesterone receptor modulator used for emergency contraception
– Estradiol valerate: prodrug used for menopause symptoms, hypoestrogenism, prostate cancer treatment, endometriosis, contraception
– Mestranol: synthetic estradiol used in oral contraceptive pills
– Demegestone: progesterone receptor agonist previously used for luteal insufficiency
– Segesterone acetate: hormonal contraceptive to prevent pregnancy
– Norethindrone enanthate: synthetic progestogen used for contraceptive therapy
– Algestone acetophenide: progestin used as an injectable contraceptive in combination with an estrogen
– Chlormadinone acetate: progestin used in combination with an estrogen for birth control
– Ifidancitinib: under investigation for the treatment of atopic dermatitis