Empowering Women's Health: Insights from a Gynecologist
I apologize, but without any relevant information about the topic “epidermoma” present in the text, it is not possible to generate a pertinent list of keywords.
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List of relevant terms to the keyword “conjugata vera obstetrica”:
1. diameters and angles related to the pelvis
2. transverse diameters
3. dorsal transverse diameter
4. intermediary transverse diameter
5. ventral transverse diameter
6. cranial transverse diameter
7. caudal transverse diameter
8. medial transverse diameter
9. oblique diameters
10. right oblique diameter
11. left oblique diameter
12. right sacrocotyloid diameter
13. left sacrocotyloid diameter
14. conjugate diameters
15. conjugata vera
16. conjugata diagonalis
17. vertical diameter
18. pelvic inclination
19. angle between arcus ischiadicus
20. sacral promontory
21. symphysis pelvina/pubis
1. Synencephalus is a rare and severe cephalic disorder
2. Cerebral hemispheres fuse together during embryonic development
3. Formation of a single large brain structure
4. Absence of structures that divide the brain into two hemispheres
5. Cyclopia (single centrally positioned eye)
6. Facial abnormalities such as a proboscis or closely spaced eyes
7. Physical abnormalities affecting organ systems (heart defects, gastrointestinal tract)
8. Intellectual and developmental disabilities
9. Impaired motor control
10. Seizures
11. Sensory impairments
12. Condition usually incompatible with life
13. Stillborn or very short survival after birth
Please note that there are only 13 unique points from the given text as there were some repetitions and some information about the website that did not pertain to the keyword.
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Since there is no specific article provided, I cannot generate a summary based on the content. However, I can provide you with a list of relevant terms related to the keyword “abortigenic”:
1. Abortifacient
2. Teratogenic
3. Embryotoxic
4. Pregnancy termination
5. Risk of miscarriage
6. Fetal harm
7. Reproductive toxicity
8. Contraindication in pregnancy
9. Adverse effects on pregnancy
10. Abortive properties
Please note that these terms are related to the concept of “abortigenic” and may be helpful in further research or analysis.
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List of pertinent information for keyword ‘transverse outlet’:
– None, as the keyword ‘transverse outlet’ is not mentioned in the provided text.
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I apologize for the confusion, but I’m unable to generate a list of pertinent keywords as per your request. Is there something else I can assist you with?
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List of pertinent information about acute salpingo-oophoritis:
– Oophoritis is the inflammation of one or both ovaries, often seen as a manifestation of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
– It is most commonly seen in younger women below 25 years of age.
– The inflammation can be caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, bacterial infections, insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in a wrong manner, delivering a baby, having an abortion, miscarriage, or autoimmune oophoritis.
– The initial symptoms include abdominal discomfort, pain in the pelvic region, heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, difficulty during urination, burning sensation during urination, abnormal vaginal discharge, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
– If left untreated, the symptoms can progress to severe pelvic pain, fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting.
– Diagnosis typically occurs after the patient experiences severe abdominal pain and seeks medical help.
– Diagnostic methods include pelvic examination, blood tests, urinary tests, and ultrasonography.
– Treatment methods for oophoritis depend on the cause, symptoms, and severity, and may involve antibiotics, painkillers, or surgical intervention.
– Complications of oophoritis include damage to the fallopian tubes, increased risk of ectopic pregnancies, sepsis, scarring or blockages that can impact fertility, and the potential need for assisted reproductive techniques like in vitro fertilization.
– Safe sexual practices and limiting sexual partners can help prevent oophoritis.
– Acute salpingo-oophoritis, also known as salpingitis, is an infection in the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
– Symptoms of salpingitis can include abnormal vaginal discharge, spotting between periods, painful periods, pain during ovulation, painful sexual intercourse, fever, abdominal pain, lower back pain, frequent urination, and nausea/vomiting.
– Risk factors for salpingitis include engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse and prior infection with a sexually transmitted disease.
– Complications of salpingitis can include further infection spreading to nearby structures and infection of sexual partners.
– Diagnosis of acute salpingo-oophoritis involves general and pelvic examinations, blood tests, mucus swabs, and laparoscopy in some cases.
– Treatment options for acute salpingo-oophoritis include antibiotics (successful in 85% of cases), hospitalization, and surgery if necessary.
– Complications of acute salpingo-oophoritis can include tubo-ovarian abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.
– Most women get pregnant within a year of trying, with around 1 in 3 getting pregnant within a month of trying.
– Around 1 in 7 couples have difficulties getting pregnant.
– More than 8 out of 10 couples where the woman is under 40 will get pregnant within one year if they have regular unprotected sex.
– More than 9 out of 10 couples will get pregnant within 2 years.
– The Pill does not cause infertility, but it may cover up conditions linked to infertility.
– Lifestyle factors can affect fertility.
– Make an appointment with a GP if you haven’t conceived after a year, or sooner if you are over 36 or have a known fertility issue.
– Low sperm count, medical issues, and irregular or no periods can affect fertility.
– General practitioners (GPs) will ask about lifestyle, health, and medical history to assess the situation.
– Medication, lifestyle, and habits are also considered.
– Unexplained infertility is when no reason has been found for fertility problems.
– If trying to conceive for more than two years, IVF may be offered.
– Both partners will be offered fertility tests.
– Tests for men include a semen test to measure quantity and quality of sperm.
– Tests for women may include hormone level checks, evaluation of ovarian response to fertility drugs, and examination of fallopian tubes.
– Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and availability in the local area.
– Three main types of fertility treatment are mentioned: ovulation-improving drugs, surgery for blockages or growths in the reproductive system, and assisted conception methods like IUI and IVF.
– The Fertility Network UK provides support and forums for those affected by infertility.
– Cervical mucus has two jobs: helping sperm move through the cervix during ovulation and preventing substances from entering the cervix.
– There are different types of cervical mucus throughout the menstrual cycle, including dry, sticky, creamy, slippery (resembling raw egg whites), and wet.
– Cervical mucus changes as hormone levels shift throughout the menstrual cycle. Estrogen increases before ovulation, causing the mucus to become stretchy and slippery, making it easier for sperm to reach the egg.
– After ovulation, estrogen levels drop and progesterone levels rise, causing the mucus to dry up.
– The fertile cervical mucus, resembling raw egg whites, indicates the most fertile time for conception.
– Cervical mucus serves as a medium for sperm to swim through to reach the egg.
– Estrogen and progesterone are the hormones responsible for the changes in cervical mucus.
– The article discusses cervical mucus examination and its changes throughout the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. It states that most women with a 28-day cycle ovulate around day 14, which is when cervical mucus becomes slippery, stretchy, and highly fertile.
– The egg white discharge typically lasts for about four days.
– After ovulation, cervical mucus thickens or dries up until menstruation occurs.
– Some women may still produce cervical mucus if they have conceived at ovulation, and this can indicate pregnancy.
– In some cases, implantation bleeding may occur, which is characterized by brown or pink tinged cervical mucus.
– The cervical mucus method of FAMs helps predict fertility by tracking changes in cervical mucus throughout the menstrual cycle.
– Hormones control the menstrual cycle and cause the cervix to produce mucus.
– The method involves checking the mucus daily and recording the results on a chart.
– Changes in the mucus indicate when ovulation is likely to occur.
– Unprotected sex is safe during non-fertile days, while another form of birth control should be used during fertile days.
– It is recommended to start this method with the help of a healthcare professional.
– The method is more effective when used in combination with the temperature method.
– Another type of cervical mucus method is the 2-day method.
– Cervical mucus can be checked by wiping the opening of the vagina with a tissue, checking the mucus on underwear, or inserting clean fingers into the vagina.
– The article explains how to examine and chart cervical mucus to determine fertility.
– The consistency and appearance of cervical mucus can change throughout the menstrual cycle.
– During menstruation, cervical mucus is not noticeable.
– After menstruation, there are usually dry days without mucus.
– Before ovulation, mucus becomes sticky or tacky and may be yellow, white, or cloudy.
– The most fertile days are characterized by clear, slippery mucus that resembles raw egg whites and can be stretched between the fingers.
– After ovulation, mucus decreases and becomes cloudy and sticky again.
– The article suggests that safe days for unprotected sex occur after ovulation and before the period, usually lasting for about 11-14 days.
– However, the length of the safe days may vary depending on the individual’s menstrual cycle.
– The article advises avoiding sex during menstruation as it can be considered unsafe due to the presence of blood.
– Cervical mucus examination is a method used to determine safe and unsafe days for sexual activity to prevent pregnancy.
– Unsafe days occur when the body is producing sticky or tacky mucus, and continue until slippery mucus is present leading up to ovulation.
– Unsafe, slippery days last for about 3-4 days.
– Changes to cervical mucus can be caused by activities such as vaginal sex, using lube, certain medications, breastfeeding, surgery on the cervix, douching, early menopause, and recent use of hormonal birth control or the morning-after pill.
– Cervical mucus methods may not be effective for individuals with low discharge production.
– The 2-day method is a simpler approach, where individuals ask themselves if they had cervical mucus on that day and the previous day.
– If the answer is yes to only one question, it is advised to use birth control or avoid vaginal sex.
– Checking cervical mucus can be done at any time of day as long as it is consistent.
– Occipito-posterior position is a malposition in which the baby’s back is directed posteriorly during a vertex presentation
– Occipito-posterior position occurs in approximately 10% of labors
– Right occipito-posterior (ROP) is more common than left occipito-posterior (LOP)
– Causes of occipito-posterior position include the shape of the pelvis (anthropoid and android pelvises are common causes), maternal kyphosis, anterior insertion of the placenta, and other malpresentations such as placenta previa, pelvic tumors, pendulous abdomen, polyhydramnios, and multiple pregnancy
– Diagnosis during pregnancy can be done through inspection, palpation, and auscultation
– Complications of occipito-posterior position include premature rupture of membranes, cord presentation and prolapse, prolonged labor, obstructed labor, increased incidence of instrumental and operative delivery, trauma to the genital tract, postpartum hemorrhage, and perinatal mortality
– The persistent occipitoposterior position occurs in about 3% of cases
– Long internal rotation, occurring in about 90% of cases, allows for delivery to proceed as in normal labor
– Direct occipitoposterior position occurs in about 6% of cases and can be managed by spontaneous delivery or with the aid of outlet forceps
– Deep transverse arrest occurs in 1% of cases and requires vacuum extraction or manual rotation and extraction with forceps
– Vacuum extraction can be used for rotation of the head, while manual rotation and extraction with forceps is done under general anesthesia
– Different types of forceps, such as Kielland’s forceps and Barton’s forceps, can be used for rotation and extraction of the head in persistent occipitoposterior position
– The Scanzoni double application method, which is considered hazardous, involves applying forceps twice for rotation and extraction
– If other methods fail, a Caesarean section may be necessary. Other indications for a C-section include contracted pelvis, placenta previa, prolapsed pulsating cord, and elderly primigravida
– Craniotomy may be performed if the fetus is dead
– Vacuum extraction and Caesarean section are the commonly used methods in modern obstetrics for managing persistent occipitoposterior position