A Guide for the Old Primipara: Navigating Motherhood

JiangRuoan

– pregnancy outcomes in elderly primigravida
– women over 35 years old conceiving for the first time
– incidence of elderly primigravida
– women conceiving late despite being married early
– high socioeconomic group
– common complications: anaemia, fibroids, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, twin pregnancies
– complications during labor: fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta
– additional findings: gestational diabetes mellitus, caesarean section rate, normal deliveries, congenital anomalies
– high risk for complications: spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, prolonged labor, fetal distress, high caesarean rate, postpartum hemorrhage, congenital anomaly, increased perinatal mortality
– successful pregnancies with proper supervision
– retrospective study of elderly pregnant women
– age groups of the participants
– occupation of the participants
– history of previous abortions
– conception after treatment for sterility
– use of assisted reproductive technology
– need for Invitro-fertilization
– high rate of multiple pregnancies
– observed complications: hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm delivery, induction of labor, normal vaginal delivery
– delivery via caesarean section
– higher risk of specific pregnancy complications
– factors associated with increased risk: hypertension, diabetes, multiple pregnancy, preterm labor, antepartum haemorrhage, PROM (premature rupture of membranes), malpresentation, prolonged labor, increased caesarean section rate, postpartum hemorrhage

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Abnormal Uterine Action 101: Unveiling Causes and Solutions

JiangRuoan

Abnormal uterine action can be classified into two categories: over-efficient uterine action and inefficient uterine action. Over-efficient uterine action includes precipitate labor (lasting less than 3 hours) and excessive contraction and retraction (in the presence of obstruction). Inefficient uterine action includes hypotonic inertia and hypertonic inertia. Other types of abnormal uterine action include constriction (contraction) ring and cervical dystocia.

– Precipitate labor
– Excessive uterine contraction and retraction
– Hypotonic inertia
– Hypertonic inertia
– Constriction (contraction) ring
– Cervical dystocia

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The Intricate Process: Retention of Placenta Explained

JiangRuoan

– Physical examination
– Ultrasound
– Blood tests
– Emptying the bladder
– Gentle pulling on the umbilical cord
– Surgical procedure under anesthesia
– Symptoms of retained placenta
– Ultrasound scan
– Treatment for retained placenta
– Close monitoring
– Heavy bleeding
– Imaging tests
– Surgery
– Complications of retained placenta
– Life-threatening infections
– Postpartum hemorrhage
– Early diagnosis and management

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Understanding Naboth Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

– A nabothian cyst occurs when skin cells trap mucus inside the glands in the cervix
– Nabothian cysts are common and harmless
– Nabothian cysts can occur in anyone with a cervix
– Nabothian cysts are more likely to appear between puberty and menopause
– Pregnancy, injury to the cervical area, and inflammation or infection of the cervix can increase the likelihood of developing nabothian cysts
– Nabothian cysts are a common and harmless irregularity observed in pelvic exams
– Nabothian cysts are small, smooth, rounded lumps found on the surface of the cervix
– Vaginal ultrasound can be used to detect nabothian cysts
– Colposcopy may be needed to differentiate nabothian cysts from other bumps
– Nabothian cysts found during a vaginal ultrasound do not require concern
– In some cases, a nabothian cyst may be opened to confirm the diagnosis.

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Annexectomy: The Essential Guide to Appendix Removal

JiangRuoan

List:

1. Annexectomy
2. Excision of bodily appendages
3. Fallopian tubes removal
4. Ovaries removal
5. Unilateral annexectomy
6. Bilateral annexectomy
7. Adnexectomy
8. Double annexectomy
9. Removal of both ovaries
10. Elimination of estrogen production
11. Prevention of long-term malignant diseases in the ovary
12. Male hormone therapy
13. Hysterectomy
14. Reduced risk of malignant diseases in the uterus, cervix, and ovaries
15. Reduction of female hormone generation
16. Laparoscopic double annexectomy
17. Hormone therapy after hysterectomy

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Atypical Hyperplasia of Endometrium: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

JiangRuoan

– Endometrial hyperplasia: thickening of the uterus lining. Can lead to cancer.
– Different types: some more likely to become cancerous.
– Simple/complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia: normal-looking cells, lower cancer risk.
– Simple/complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia with atypia: higher cancer risk.
– Rare condition: affects approximately 133 out of 100,000 people assigned female at birth.
– Common in people transitioning to or completing menopause.

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