Unperforated Hymen: Understanding & Navigating Inaccessible Menstruation

– Imperforate hymen can be diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or puberty.
– Sometimes, it doesn’t cause a problem until a girl’s teenage years when she has her first period.
– A gynecologist can confirm the absence of an opening in the hymen through examination.
– Minor surgical procedure required to remove the extra tissue covering the hymen.
– Surgery can be done in infancy or later in life.
– Procedure removes excess tissue and sutures are placed to prevent scarring and re-blockage.
– Boston Children’s Hospital Division of Gynecology and Center for Congenital Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract offers interdisciplinary treatment for imperforate hymen.

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Frenulum Labiorum Pudendi: An Essential Guide for Knowledge

List of keywords pertaining to ‘frenulum labiorum pudendi’:

– Frenulum labiorum pudendi
– Fourchette
– Labia minora
– Vulval vestibule
– Tearing during childbirth
– Surgical suturing
– Episiotomy
– Perineum
– Reduced sexual sensation
– Sensory nerve endings
– Tearing during sexual acts
– French term “fourchette”
– Frenulum of the clitoris
– Frenulum of the ileocecal valve
– Frenulum of the lips
– Frenulum of the prepuce of the penis
– Frenulum of the pudendal labia
– Frenulum of the tongue

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The Displacement of IUD: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

– Displacement of IUD
– Shifting out of place
– Partially or fully dislodged
– Risk factors for displacement
– Signs of displaced IUD
– Not able to feel IUD string
– String feeling shorter or longer
– Feeling IUD during sex
– IUD coming out of cervix
– Abdominal cramping
– Pain, discomfort
– Unusual vaginal discharge
– Heavier or atypical vaginal bleeding
– Fever or chills
– IUD no longer providing pregnancy protection
– Different form of birth control may be needed
– Emergency contraception
– Contact a doctor
– Pros of IUDs
– High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy
– No need to remember to take medication
– Easy reversibility
– Improvement of heavy periods and cramping
– Effectiveness as emergency contraception
– Cons of IUDs
– Painful insertion
– Changes in bleeding patterns
– Perforation leading to bleeding or infection
– Unintended pregnancy due to displacement
– Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy or septic abortion
– Consult with a doctor
– Effects on hormones
– Potential side effects or risks
– Protection against sexually transmitted infections
– Interactions with other health conditions, medications, or supplements
– IUDs do not protect against STIs
– Additional protection such as condoms needed
– Potential harm caused by out-of-place IUD
– Possibility of IUD falling out (expulsion)
– Feelings associated with IUD displacement
– Rate of expulsion
– Physical symptoms of IUD displacement
– Factors that increase the likelihood of displacement
– Checking if IUD has moved
– Washing hands, squatting or sitting, inserting a finger
– Feeling for string ends without tugging or pulling
– Steps taken by doctors to determine if IUD has moved
– Contacting a doctor or healthcare provider
– Examination and tests
– Emergency contraception and backup method
– Decision to remove or leave IUD
– Ultrasound to locate IUD
– X-ray if IUD cannot be found
– Laparoscopic procedure for removal and replacement
– Alternative birth control options
– Doctor may see IUD in cervix
– Pros and cons of using an IUD
– IUD effectiveness
– Long-lasting form of birth control
– Reversibility and possibility of pregnancy after removal
– Benefits of hormonal IUDs
– Benefits of copper IUDs
– Cost comparison to other methods
– Pain during insertion and removal
– Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
– Effects of copper IUD on periods and cramps
– Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease
– Rare possibility of uterine perforation

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Unveiling the Hidden Signs of Endometrial Carcinoma: Understanding Uterus

List of pertinent information on ‘endometrial carcinoma of uterus’:

1. The article provides information about the treatment of endometrial cancer.
2. The information is sourced from the National Cancer Institute’s comprehensive cancer information database, PDQ Physician Data Query.
3. PDQ contains summaries of published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and alternative medicine.
4. The purpose of the article is to review the medical literature on endometrial cancer.
5. The information in the article should be cited appropriately.
6. The article mentions the possibility of participating in clinical trials and provides information on how to find them.
7. Images used in the article are with permission from the author(s), artist, and/or publisher.
8. Information on using the images and insurance coverage can be found on Cancer.gov.
9. PDQ is a comprehensive cancer information database that provides accurate and up-to-date information.
10. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of medical literature.
11. The purpose of the PDQ summaries is to inform and assist patients, families, and caregivers, but they do not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making healthcare decisions.
12. Ongoing clinical trials are being conducted to find new and better ways to treat endometrial cancer.
13. Trial information can be found on NCI’s website or by contacting the Cancer Information Service (CIS).
14. The summary specifically focuses on the treatment options for endometrial carcinoma of the uterus.

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Discovering the Causes and Treatment of Cervical Squamous Cell Dysplasia: Empowering Women Through Knowledge

– Regular pelvic examinations are important for women aged 21 and over.
– A Pap smear is a test to detect cervical cancer or abnormal cells.
– Cervical cells become abnormal before turning into cancer, providing an opportunity for early detection.
– The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
– During a Pap smear, cells are gently scraped from the cervix and sent to a lab for examination.
– Abnormal Pap smear results may require further testing, such as a colposcopy.
– Testing for HPV infection, the virus that can cause cervical cancer, may also be necessary.
– If diagnosed with cervical cancer, additional tests will determine the stage and appropriate treatment.
– Treatment options depend on factors such as the stage of cancer, tumor size, age, general health, and desire for future children.
– Treatment can involve surgery, freezing or burning abnormal tissue, radical hysterectomy, radiation, or chemotherapy.
– Pap smears are not 100% accurate, and a small number of cervical cancer cases may be missed.
– Follow-up Pap smears are important for detecting changes in time for treatment.
– Cervical dysplasia is typically diagnosed during a routine pap test.
– Results of the pap test can be normal, inconclusive, or abnormal.
– Inconclusive results do not indicate cervical dysplasia and may require a repeat pap test.
– Abnormal results are known as cervical dysplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL).
– Further testing, such as a colposcopy, may be needed to determine the severity of cell changes.
– Biopsies taken during a colposcopy can help identify abnormal areas and are not very uncomfortable.
– Cervical dysplasia found on a biopsy is called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
– CIN is categorized into three levels: CIN I (mild dysplasia), CIN II (moderate to marked dysplasia), and CIN III (severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ).
– An HPV test can be done at the same time or separately from the pap test to detect the presence and type of HPV.

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Carcinoma of Vulva: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

– Vulvar cancer is a cancer that occurs in any part of the external female genitals.
– It most commonly develops in the labia minora, labia majora, and perineum.
– The most common type of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for about 90% of cases in Australia.
– Vulvar melanoma makes up between 2% and 4% of vulvar cancers and begins in the melanocytes.
– Sarcoma is a rare type of vulvar cancer that starts in cells in muscle fat and other tissue under the skin.
– Adenocarcinoma is another rare form that develops from the glandular cells in the vulvar glands.
– Basel cell carcinoma is a very rare type that starts in the basal cells in the skin’s lower layer.
– Vulvar cancer is more common in women who have gone through menopause, but it can also occur in younger women.
– It is estimated that more than 400 people were diagnosed with vulvar cancer in 2023.
– The average age at diagnosis is 69 years old.

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Congenital Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia: Unveiling Symptoms and Treatments

– Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of genetic disorders affecting the adrenal glands.
– CAH results in a lack of enzymes required to produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones, and adrenaline.
– Classic CAH is typically diagnosed at birth and may present with ambiguous external genitalia, low cortisol and aldosterone levels, and high levels of male hormones.
– Nonclassic CAH is milder and often diagnosed later in childhood or early adulthood, with symptoms such as excess body hair and irregular periods in women.
– The most common cause of CAH is a genetic mutation in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme, leading to increased production of male hormones.
– Symptoms of CAH can vary depending on the gene defect and level of enzyme deficiency and may include low appetite, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and adrenal crisis.
– CAH can affect both males and females.
– CAH can be diagnosed through prenatal testing or after birth using blood tests and genetic testing.
– Treatment for CAH aims to reduce excessive androgens and replace deficient hormones through medication such as corticosteroids, fludrocortisone, salt supplements, oral contraceptive pills, and anti-androgen drugs.
– Regular physical exams and blood tests are necessary for monitoring hormone levels and treatment side effects.
– Individuals with CAH should receive information on managing illness and surgery.
– Girls with CAH may consider altering the appearance of their genitalia for functional or cosmetic reasons.
– The article was prepared by Dr. Roshan Dinparastisaleh, a 2021 Endocrinology Research Fellow, under the supervision of Dr. Hamrahian, Salvatori, and Morris-Wiseman.

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