Exploring the Origins, Symptoms, and Treatment of Endometrioid Adenoma

JiangRuoan

List:

– Endometrioid adenoma
– Adenoma-malignum-like
– Rare variant
– Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma
– 58 reported cases
– Microscopic examination
– Deep invasion of glandular cells
– Myometrium
– pT2 stage
– Cervical stromal involvement
– History of endometrial adenocarcinoma
– Pelvic mass
– Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
– Banal glands invading the myometrium
– Prognosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas
– “Adenoma malignum-like” pattern of invasion
– Recurrence-free survival
– Small sample size
– Adenocarcinoma with similar pattern of invasion
– Endometrioid type minimal deviation adenocarcinoma
– Diagnostic significance
– Benign-looking endometrial glands in the myometrium
– Consider as a differential diagnosis

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Hymen Intactus: Unveiling the Myth Behind Virginity & Feminine Anatomy

JiangRuoan

– Signs of a broken hymen include light spotting or bleeding, discomfort, or visible skin around the vaginal opening.
– The hymen may wear down naturally over time after it breaks, sometimes going back into the vagina or appearing as a small flap of skin.
– If one wants to check if their hymen is still there, they can use a mirror and look for a piece of tissue around the bottom part of the vaginal opening.
– Tampons can break the hymen and are a common way for it to tear gradually.
– The hymen can break before having sexual intercourse from activities like exercise or tampon insertion.
– It is possible for the hymen to break during the first sexual encounter, resulting in blood and some pain.
– Everyday activities like riding a bike, participating in gymnastics, horseback riding, climbing on a jungle gym, vigorous exercise, masturbation, and undergoing pelvic exams or Pap tests can cause the hymen to tear.
– The experience of the hymen breaking is different for everyone, and some may have no idea when or how it occurred.
– The hymen is a flexible piece of tissue at the opening of the vagina, and its presence or absence does not accurately indicate sexual activity.

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Biphasic Basal Body Temperature: Unraveling the Menstrual Cycle

JiangRuoan

– biphasic basal body temperature
– fluctuations over a menstrual cycle
– BBT values divided into two phases
– ovulation as the dividing line
– first phase influenced by estrogen
– lower BBT in the first phase
– second phase controlled by progesterone
– higher BBT in the second phase
– decrease in basal body temperature before menstruation
– variation in BBT changes between individuals
– variation in BBT changes from cycle to cycle

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Atresia of Vagina: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

JiangRuoan

List:

1. Vaginal Atresia
2. Bardet-Biedl syndrome
3. Fraser syndrome
4. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome
5. Vision loss
6. Obesity
7. Kidney problems
8. Intellectual disorders
9. Skin-covered eyes
10. Joined fingers and toes
11. Abnormalities of the urinary tract
12. Underdeveloped or absent vagina and uterus
13. Kidney anomalies
14. Cloacal malformation
15. Surgical treatment
16. Vaginal replacement techniques

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Exploring the Intricate Cavity of the Uterus: Unveiling Mysteries

JiangRuoan

List of pertinent information about the cavity of the uterus (no duplications):

– The uterine cavity is the inside portion of the uterus.
– It is triangular in shape and formed by the internal surface of the body of the uterus.
– The base of the cavity is located between the openings of the fallopian tubes.
– The apex is the internal opening of the uterus that connects to the cervix.
– The part of the uterine cavity that enters the openings of the fallopian tubes is a narrow, flattened area.
– Abnormalities of the womb or congenital uterine abnormalities refer to women who have a womb that is different in shape or size from the norm.
– These abnormalities can be discovered during an ultrasound scan or if a woman experiences miscarriage, bleeding, or difficulties conceiving.
– Women with womb abnormalities may have an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, or fertility problems depending on the shape of the womb.
– Women with bicornuate wombs have a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.
– Women with a unicornate womb have half the size of a normal womb and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, late miscarriage, or preterm birth.
– Women with a didelphic womb, which is split in two, may have a small increased risk of preterm birth.
– Women with a septate/subseptate womb may have an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, or fertility problems.
– Septate wombs may cause difficulties with conception.
– Septate wombs have an increased risk of early miscarriage and preterm birth.
– Babies in later pregnancy with septate wombs may not be in a head-down position, leading to a higher likelihood of needing a C-section.
– Many women with congenital uterine abnormalities, like a septate uterus, are not aware of their condition.
– Surgery to resect the septum before pregnancy is common for women with a septate uterus, but it was not recommended by the consultant in this case.
– Despite having a complete septate uterus, the woman in the case was able to carry her baby to term but had an elective C-section because the baby was breech.
– An arcuate womb has a dip at the top but resembles a normal womb.
– Having an arcuate womb does not increase the risk of preterm birth or early miscarriage.
– An arcuate womb may increase the risk of late miscarriage.
– Babies in later pregnancy with an arcuate womb may not be in a head-down position, increasing the likelihood of needing a C-section.

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Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula: A LifeChanging Procedure

JiangRuoan

– Repair of vesicovaginal fistula is a surgical procedure to close or remove a fistula between the bladder and vagina.
– Before surgery, patients may be instructed to fast and shower with a specific soap to prevent infection.
– General anesthesia is administered during the surgery.
– Stents may be inserted in the ureters to protect them during surgery.
– The fistula is either excised or closed with stitches, and the incision is closed with stitches.
– Antibiotic-soaked bandages may be placed in the vagina to prevent infection.
– In some cases, an incision may be made through the abdomen, and a suprapubic catheter may be inserted into the bladder for urine drainage.
– Risks of the surgery include excessive bleeding, infection, damage to the ureters, bladder spasms, vaginal bleeding, bladder stones, incomplete bladder emptying, smaller bladder, shortened vaginal canal, and the possibility of a new fistula forming after surgery.
– Repair success is achieved by performing the repair in a single layer, using a non-absorbable suture material.
– Some surgeons use absorbable sutures for the vaginal closure to avoid suture-induced granulomas.
– Repair of vesicovaginal fistula in radiation patients may require additional techniques like omentoplasty or myocutaneous flap interposition.
– Different surgical techniques for VVF repair include vaginal and abdominal approaches.
– The success rates for VVF repair are high if certain surgical principles are followed.
– Vascularized flaps or grafts may be used for repairing large or radiotherapy-related fistulas.
– Different incisions such as the Dührssen and Schuchardt incisions can be used to improve exposure during surgery.

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Epidermal Carcinoma: Causes, Symptoms, Stages, Treatment Options Explained

JiangRuoan

– SCCs (Squamous Cell Carcinomas) can manifest as scaly red patches, open sores, rough or thickened skin, wart-like skin, or raised growths with a central depression.
– Sometimes, SCCs may crust over, itch, or bleed.
– These lesions usually occur in sun-exposed areas of the body but can also appear in other body parts, including the genitals.
– The appearance of SCCs can vary from person to person.
– Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin.
– It usually starts in squamous cells, which are found in the middle and outer layers of the skin.
– Squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of skin cancer and is usually not life-threatening if treated.
– Most cases of squamous cell carcinoma are caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, tanning beds, or lamps.
– The cancer can occur anywhere on the skin, but in people who sunburn easily, it is often found in sun-exposed areas.
– In people with Black and brown skin, squamous cell carcinomas are more likely to appear in areas not exposed to the sun, such as the genitals.
– Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma include firm bumps on the skin, flat sores with a scaly crust, new sores or raised areas on old scars or sores, rough patches on the lips or inside the mouth, and raised patches or wartlike sores on or in the anus or genitals.
– It is recommended to see a doctor if a sore or scab doesn’t heal in about two months or if there is a flat patch of scaly skin that won’t go away.
– Epidermal carcinoma, specifically squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, is more common in individuals with low levels of melanin.
– The risk of squamous cell carcinoma is highest in people with blond or red hair, light-colored eyes, freckles, and easily sunburned skin.
– Factors that increase the risk of this type of carcinoma include excessive sun exposure, both from natural sunlight and tanning beds.
– A history of sunburns, especially during childhood or adolescence, is also a risk factor.
– Having precancerous skin lesions, a previous history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, or a rare genetic disorder called xeroderma pigmentosum can increase the risk.
– Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) can also increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
– Untreated squamous cell carcinoma can destroy healthy tissue, spread to lymph nodes or other organs, and potentially be fatal.
– Factors that may increase the risk of the cancer spreading include large or deep growth, involvement of mucous membranes (such as the lips), and a weakened immune system.
– Most cases of squamous cell carcinoma can be prevented.

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Left Occipitoposterior: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

JiangRuoan

– This article describes a randomised clinical trial being conducted to evaluate the effects of different positions on the outcome of occipitoposterior (OP) position during labor.
– The study will compare the hands and knees position with expectant management (no intervention).
– The study will only include nulliparous and multiparous women during the first stage of labor with a cervical dilatation between 2 to 9 cm, a singleton pregnancy at term (≥ 37 weeks’ gestation), and an OP position diagnosed by ultrasound.
– Women under 18 years old, with limited understanding of French, or who have attempted hands and knees positions previously during labor are excluded from the study.
– Randomisation will be performed using a web-based system and the ratio for hands and knees versus expectant management is 1:1.
– The study interventions involve women in the hands and knees position group choosing one of six positions described by Dr. de Gasquet.
– There are six fitted positions that can be used, with three important points to be observed: resting on the knees and hands if necessary, thrusting the abdomen forward, and keeping the back stretched.
– A pillow can be used for comfort, and the woman can choose to place her abdomen on a cushion or leave it unsupported.
– All midwives in the delivery room have been trained in managing the OP position using specific hand and knee positions.
– In the expectant management arm, women will receive usual care and have the option to adopt a hands and knees’ position after one hour. The position of the woman during this hour will be recorded.
– Participants in both groups will complete a questionnaire on perceived pain and comfort, and fetal head position will be verified one hour after randomization or at delivery.
– The primary outcome measure is fetal head in anterior position.
– The study aims to compare different maternal positions during labor and their impact on fetal head rotation.
– The study will assess the effectiveness of various positions on fetal head rotation, comfort of maternal positions, pain perception, duration of labor stages, mode of delivery, perineal status, and neonate outcomes.
– Data analysis will be performed using statistical tests such as t-tests, chi-square tests, and non-parametric tests.
– A sample size of 438 women is needed to show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of the main outcome measure.
– The study estimates that around 300 eligible women per year will be proposed for study entry, and the required sample size could be reached in around 35 months.
– The study is expected to be completed in June 2014.
– The study protocol has been approved by the institutional ethics committee, and safety considerations for mothers and fetuses will be closely monitored.
– The study ensures that women have the right to withdraw consent without impacting the quality of care or staff attitude.
– Data will be kept confidential and participants will be identified with a number.
– The study results will be reported anonymously.

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