Anovular Menstruation: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

– Anovular menstruation is when an egg does not come out of the ovary during the menstrual cycle.
– Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility.
– Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary, typically on day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
– Ovulation is regulated by hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.
– After ovulation, the egg travels through the fallopian tube to reach the uterus.
– Progesterone is produced to prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy.
– Low progesterone levels during anovulatory cycles can cause significant bleeding.
– Symptoms of anovulation include missing periods, irregular periods, lack of cervical mucus, abnormal periods (heavy or light), and irregular basal body temperature.
– Girls who have just started their periods and women approaching menopause are at higher risk of anovulatory cycles.
– Other factors increasing the risk for anovulation include excessive exercise patterns.
– Anovulation is caused by an imbalance of hormones involved in ovulation.
– Hormonal disorders and circumstances such as hyperandrogenism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, low levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and certain medications can cause anovulation.
– Irregular periods are a common sign, and diagnosis can be done through blood tests and pelvic organ examination.
– Treatment involves lifestyle changes, adjusting current medications, and potentially using a human chorionic gonadotropin injection.
– Treatment options for anovulation include hormonal medications such as clomiphene citrate, follicle-stimulating hormone injections, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists injections.
– If these treatments are unsuccessful, options such as intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization are available for those trying to conceive.
– Anovulatory bleeding can cause irregular, prolonged, and heavy bleeding.
– The return to ovulation after an anovulatory cycle can vary from person to person.
– Women with an anovulatory cycle typically do not experience ovulation but may experience bleeding due to hormonal changes.
– Lifestyle modifications can help naturally treat an anovulatory cycle, such as improving sleep quality, balancing hormones naturally, and adjusting dietary habits.
– Ovaries play a role in menstruation and conception by producing eggs and hormones.
– Around 1000 immature eggs are lost every month during menstruation.
– There are four phases of ovulation: menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.
– Ovulation can be induced using medication like Clomiphene citrate.
– The egg can live for 12 to 24 hours after ovulation, and the fertile window for pregnancy is five days before until one day after ovulation.
– Ovulation can cause abdominal pain and light bleeding. The pain depends on which ovary is releasing the egg.
– Anovulation is when the ovaries don’t release an egg, causing irregular or absent periods.
– It is common for young girls, women approaching menopause, and women with regular cycles to experience anovulation.
– Anovulation occurs when hormonal levels are out of balance.
– Potential causes of anovulation include PCOS, weight issues, over-exercising, thyroid and pituitary disorders, and certain medications.
– Symptoms of anovulation may include heavy periods, irregular bleeding, or no bleeding at all.
– To diagnose anovulation, it is recommended to track your menstrual cycle and discuss any concerns with a doctor. They may also recommend blood tests to measure hormone levels.
– The treatment for anovulation varies depending on the underlying cause. Weight loss or weight gain, depending on whether the person is overweight or underweight, can help regulate periods.
– Fertility drugs may be prescribed if lifestyle changes do not work, and the person is otherwise healthy to conceive.
– Getting pregnant with anovulation can be challenging, but treating underlying conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism can increase the chances of pregnancy.
– In some cases, the assistance of a fertility specialist may be necessary.

Continue Reading

Understanding Candida Albicans Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

JiangRuoan

List of relevant information for the keyword ‘candida albicans vaginitis’:

– Vaginal candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida.
– Candida normally lives on the skin and inside the body without causing any problems.
– Changes in the vagina, such as hormonal changes or a weakened immune system, can cause Candida to grow and lead to an infection.
– Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis include itching, soreness, pain during sex or urination, and abnormal discharge.
– Risk factors for developing vaginal candidiasis include pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptives, diabetes, a weakened immune system, and recent antibiotic use.
– Wearing cotton underwear and taking antibiotics only as prescribed can help prevent vaginal candidiasis.
– About 20% of women have Candida in the vagina without symptoms.
– Diagnosis is usually done by examining a sample of vaginal discharge.
– Treatment typically involves using antifungal medication, either applied inside the vagina or taken orally.
– Some severe or recurrent infections may require additional treatments.
– Vaginal candidiasis is common in the United States.
– Candida albicans vaginitis is the second most common type of vaginal infection, following bacterial vaginal infections.
– Approximately 1.4 million outpatient visits are made annually for vaginal candidiasis.
– However, the exact number of cases of vaginal candidiasis is unknown.

Continue Reading

Fluor Albus: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

JiangRuoan

List relevant to the keyword ‘fluor albus’:

– Leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus or “the whites,” is a thick, whitish, yellowish or greenish vaginal discharge.
– It is a non-pathological symptom usually caused by inflammatory conditions of the vagina or cervix.
– Leukorrhea can be confirmed by finding >10 WBC per high-power field under a microscope when examining vaginal fluid.
– Yellowish or odorous discharge may indicate a bacterial infection or STD.
– Leukorrhea can also be caused by parasitic protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes symptoms such as burning sensation, itching, and frothy discharge.
– Treatment includes antibiotics, such as metronidazole, clindamycin, or tinidazole, depending on the underlying cause.
– Leucorrhoea, also known as white discharge, is a common condition characterized by thick, yellowish or white vaginal discharge.
– It can be a sign of various gynaecological conditions and should be evaluated and treated promptly.
– Conventional treatment for leucorrhoea offers short-term relief but can have mild side effects such as burning, itching, and vaginal discomfort.
– Homeopathy has proven to be effective in treating leucorrhoea, with a case study showing positive results and reduced chances of recurrence.
– Homeopathic treatment is personalized based on the patient’s specific symptoms and aims to address the root cause of the condition.
– Dr Batra’s® has over 35 years of experience in providing treatment for leucorrhoea, with a success rate of 96% in treating women’s health problems including leucorrhoea.
– Homeopathy is said to help manage physical, mental, and emotional symptoms, and it is recommended for both acute and chronic cases.

Continue Reading

Understanding Adnexal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

List:
1. Adnexal cysts, including ovarian cysts, may resolve on their own without treatment.
2. Hormonal contraceptives may be prescribed to prevent the formation of new cysts.
3. Fallopian tube cysts may be monitored using ultrasound if they are asymptomatic.
4. Larger or symptomatic paraovarian or paratubal cysts may require surgical removal.
5. Surgeons must take caution during the procedure to avoid damaging the fallopian tube.
6. Adnexal masses are growths that develop around the uterus, commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and neighboring tissues.
7. Adnexal tumors can be either fluid-filled or solid.
8. They can occur at any age and often resolve within a few months.
9. Adnexal tumors are more common during the childbearing years.
10. Around 5% to 10% of women in the United States will experience an adnexal mass during their lifetime.
11. The majority of adnexal tumors are benign, but approximately 15% to 20% are malignant.
12. Postmenopausal individuals have a higher risk of malignant adnexal tumors compared to premenopausal individuals.

Continue Reading

Constriction rings: Understanding their use in enhancing intimacy

JiangRuoan

– A constriction ring, also known as a cock ring, is an elastic ring used to maintain an erection.
– The ring should be worn at the base of the penis to keep blood inside.
– It is often used in combination with a vacuum erection device (VED).
– The ring should not be worn for longer than 30 minutes to avoid permanent injury.
– Leaving the ring on for too long can cause necrosis and potentially lead to the amputation of the penis.
– If a man experiences pain, numbness, or coldness in the penis, or if it becomes swollen and the ring cannot be removed, immediate medical attention should be sought.
– Metal rings should be avoided.
– Constriction rings help increase pleasure during sexual intercourse by maintaining blood flow to the penis and sustaining an erection.
– Different types of rings are available, but there are reasons to avoid using them for erectile dysfunction (ED).
– The FDA recommends using constriction rings for no more than 30 minutes at a time to prevent lasting damage.
– Using these rings may worsen Peyronie’s disease, which causes the penis to curve due to scar tissue.
– Constriction rings are not considered a long-term solution for treating ED.
– Some types of cock rings can be heavy and cause nerve damage.
– Cock rings may not be effective for severe Peyronie’s disease.
– Vibrating cock rings can worsen priapism, a prolonged erection requiring medical intervention.
– Wearing ED rings can cause bruising, swelling, and visible bruises on the penis.
– Ill-fitting constricting devices can lead to penile strangulation, a medical emergency with severe injuries.
– Improperly cleaned cock rings can increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
– Clinically-approved methods and lifestyle changes can help treat erectile dysfunction.
– Premier Men’s Medical Center in Orlando is a clinic offering clinically approved treatments for ED and premature ejaculation, including penis rings, Acoustic Wave therapy, and hormone therapy.
– The clinic claims to be Central Florida’s leading men’s clinic.

Continue Reading

Puerperal Endometritis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies

JiangRuoan

List of pertinent information to the keyword ‘puerperal endometritis’:

1. Postpartum endometritis is an infection of the lining of the womb.
2. It can occur up to six weeks after childbirth.
3. Risk is higher for caesarean section births.
4. Common between the second and tenth day after delivery.
5. Occurs in 1-3 out of every 100 women who have had a normal delivery.
6. More common in women who have had a caesarean section.
7. Risk factors include long labors, membranes breaking before birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, difficulty removing the placenta, multiple internal examinations during labor, infection in the genital area, past history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), bacterial vaginosis (BV), Group B streptococcus infection, HIV infection, obesity, diabetes, and delivery in circumstances of poor hygiene.
8. Symptoms include fever, lower tummy pain, smelly discharge from the vagina, increased bleeding from the vagina, pain during sex, pain during urination, and general feeling of being unwell.
9. Diagnosis is usually based on typical symptoms and signs, and tests are usually not necessary.
10. Treatment involves the use of antibiotics, commonly clindamycin and gentamicin.
11. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of the body and potentially lead to sepsis.
12. Complications are rare when treated with antibiotics.
13. Most women recover quickly with antibiotics, typically within 2-3 days.
14. Women undergoing caesarean section are offered antibiotics beforehand to reduce the likelihood of infection.
15. Antibiotics are also given during labor if the woman has Group B streptococcus in her vagina to protect both her and the newborn baby from infections caused by this germ.

Continue Reading

Anterior Asynclitism: Understanding Fetal Positioning for Optimal Delivery

JiangRuoan

List:

1. Anterior asynclitism: This term refers to a position in which the baby’s head is tilted or leaning towards one shoulder during childbirth.
2. Baby’s head position: The article discusses how asynclitism is a common position for babies to enter the pelvis before shifting into a more optimal birthing position.
3. Longer labor time: Asynclitism may lead to a longer labor time due to the positioning of the baby’s head.
4. Medically assisted birth: In some cases of asynclitism, a medically assisted birth may be necessary.
5. Causes of asynclitism: Asynclitism can be caused by a shorter umbilical cord, the shape of the uterus, or if the mother is carrying twins or multiples.
6. Diagnosis of asynclitism: Asynclitism can be diagnosed through a vaginal examination and ultrasound during labor.
7. Prevalence of asynclitism: A 2021 study found that 15% of pregnant women had asynclitism, and it was more common in women having their first baby.
8. Complications of asynclitism: Complications of asynclitism may include slower labor, longer dilation, slower pushing stage, one-sided hip pain, and less consistent contractions.
9. Cesarean delivery: In some cases of asynclitism, a cesarean delivery may be recommended if the baby’s head cannot be tilted from the asynclitic position.
10. Torticollis: Babies in the anterior asynclitic position may experience torticollis, a condition where the baby’s head points to one shoulder while their chin points to the other shoulder. However, torticollis usually goes away with treatment.
11. Exercises to help optimal positioning: The article suggests lunges, pelvic floor releases, squats, and easy yoga positions as exercises that pregnant women can do to help position their baby optimally for birth.
12. Other methods for optimal positioning: Swimming, walking, positioning massages, acupuncture, and visiting a chiropractor are mentioned as potential ways to assist with optimal baby positioning before birth.
13. Labor and delivery techniques: Different exercises and positions can be recommended during labor and delivery to help nudge the baby out of the asynclitic position. The use of a birthing ball and staying hydrated are suggested.
14. Assisted delivery or C-section: If labor is not progressing, an assisted delivery or C-section may be necessary in cases of asynclitism.
15. Vaginal delivery preference: In most cases of asynclitism, a vaginal delivery is attempted first before considering a C-section.

Continue Reading

Concealed Abruption: Unveiling the Silent Killer of Pregnancy

JiangRuoan

– Concealed placental abruption is a complication of pregnancy where the placenta separates from the uterus without visible bleeding.
– Placental abruption can be partial or complete, with complete abruptions resulting in more vaginal bleeding.
– Placental abruption occurs in about 1 out of 100 pregnancies.
– Symptoms of placental abruption include vaginal bleeding, pain, contractions, discomfort, and tenderness.
– Placental abruption usually occurs in the third trimester but can occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
– Mild cases of placental abruption may cause few problems but need to be closely monitored.
– Complications of placental abruption include growth problems for the baby, preterm birth, stillbirth, and anemia for the pregnant person.
– Placental abruption is related to about 1 in 10 premature births.
– Premature babies are more likely to have health problems, lasting disabilities, and death.
– Placental abruption can result in hemorrhage and blood clotting complications.
– Delivery by cesarean birth may be required in cases of placental abruption.
– Risk factors for placental abruption include previous abruption, high blood pressure, smoking, cocaine use, abdominal trauma, age 35 or older, uterine infection, preterm labor, early water break, issues with the uterus or umbilical cord, excess amniotic fluid, multiple pregnancies, asthma, family history of abruption, previous c-section, and exposure to air pollution.
– There is a 10% chance of placental abruption recurring in a later pregnancy if a person has had it before.

Continue Reading

Funnel Shaped Pelvis: Its Impact on Childbirth

JiangRuoan

– The pelvic floor muscles and their function
– The anatomy of the pelvic floor
– The levator ani muscles and their role in maintaining fecal continence
– The pubococcygeus muscle and its stability and support to abdominal and pelvic organs
– The iliococcygeus muscle and its elevation of the pelvic floor and anorectal canal
– The coccygeus muscle and its support to the pelvic viscera
– The innervation of the pelvic floor muscles by the nerve to levator ani and branches of the pudendal nerve
– The blood supply to the pelvic floor area provided by the inferior vesical, inferior gluteal, and pudendal arteries
– Pelvic floor dysfunction and its signs and symptoms
– How pelvic floor dysfunction can lead to urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, genitourinary prolapse, pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction
– The causes of pelvic floor dysfunction such as obstetric trauma, increasing age, obesity, and chronic straining.

Continue Reading

HypothalamicPituitaryOvarian Axis: Navigating Female Reproductive Health

JiangRuoan

– Ovulatory disorders resulting from hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis dysfunction account for 25% of infertility diagnoses.
– The HPO Axis is a synchronized network of communications between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ovaries that regulates reproductive processes.
– Ovulatory disorders manifest as abnormal, irregular, or absent ovulation and are a leading cause of infertility.
– The WHO has classified ovulatory disorders resulting from HPO dysfunction into three groups: Hypothalamic Pituitary Failure (HPF), Eugonadal Ovulatory Dysfunction, and Hypergonadotropic Ovulatory Dysfunction.

Conditions causing HPO axis dysfunction:

Group 1: Hypothalamic Pituitary Failure (HPF)
– Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)
– Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland: gene mutations, acquired panhypopituitarism, intracranial tumors, brain radiation therapy, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, De Morsier syndrome.

Group 2: Eugonadal Ovulatory Dysfunction
– Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
– Obesity
– Hyperprolactinemia
– Primary hypothyroidism

Group 3: Primary Ovarian Insufficiency or Failure (POI/POF)
– Turner Syndrome
– FMR1 gene mutation
– Autoimmune thyroiditis
– Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes
– Environmental toxins
– Cancer treatment
– Menopause

Symptoms of HPO axis dysfunction:
– Delayed puberty
– Amenorrhea
– Infertility
– Signs of hypothyroidism
– PCOS symptoms
– Insulin resistance
– Central obesity
– Hyperprolactinemia symptoms
– Symptoms of Turner Syndrome

Laboratory tests to evaluate HPO axis dysfunction:
– Dutch Cycling Mapping Test (dry urine test)
– Vibrant America’s Sex Hormones panel (blood test)
– Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test (blood test)
– Complete thyroid panels

Treatment for HPO axis dysfunction:
– Addressing the root cause
– Nutrition: fertility-based diet, calorie increase
– Herbs and supplements: Vitex, Tribulus
– Lifestyle changes: sleep, acupuncture

Note: The article briefly mentions the GnRH stimulation test as a conventional medicine test, but does not provide further details. The article also mentions genetic testing in specific cases.

Continue Reading