Category: Reproductive Disorders

Episiotomy and Episiotitis: Understanding, Preventing, and Healing Tips

JiangRuoan

– An episiotomy is a cut made between the vaginal opening and the anus during childbirth.
– It was once thought to prevent larger vaginal tears and preserve the muscles and connective tissue in the pelvic floor, but research suggests it doesn’t prevent problems.
– Routine episiotomies are no longer recommended.
– An episiotomy may be needed if a baby needs to be quickly delivered due to a stuck shoulder, unusual heart rate pattern, or the need for forceps or vacuum extraction.
– There are two types of episiotomy incisions: midline and mediolateral.
– Midline incisions are easier to repair but have a higher risk of extending into the anal area.
– Mediolateral incisions are less likely to cause an extended tear into the anal area but are often more painful and difficult to repair.
– Episiotomy recovery is uncomfortable, and infection is possible.
– Some women may experience pain during sex after an episiotomy.
– A midline episiotomy puts women at risk of fourth-degree vaginal tearing.

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Understanding Metastatic Carcinoma of Ovary: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

JiangRuoan

– Metastatic ovarian cancer is cancer that has spread from the ovaries or fallopian tubes to other parts of the body.
– It is classified as Stage IV cancer.
– Ovarian cancer typically spreads from the pelvis to the abdomen, peritoneal cavity, lymph nodes, and liver.
– Patients diagnosed with Stage I and Stage II ovarian cancer have survival rates of 90% and 70%, respectively.
– Patients diagnosed with Stage III ovarian cancer have a 5-year survival rate of 39%.
– Ovarian cancer can continue to spread to the lungs, fluid in the lungs, or tissue inside the liver if not successfully treated.
– At Stage IV, the disease becomes more difficult to treat, and the 5-year survival rate drops to approximately 17%.
– Ovarian cancer tumors that begin in the fallopian tubes take an average of 6.5 years to spread to the ovaries.
– Tumors can spread more quickly to nearby areas and eventually reach the spleen, intestines, brain, skin, and lymph nodes.
– Metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, particularly low-grade cases, is often resistant to therapies and challenging to treat.
– Achieving remission from metastatic ovarian cancer is difficult but not impossible.
– The course of treatment for metastatic ovarian cancer depends on various factors such as the type of ovarian cancer, patient’s age and overall health, presence of genetic mutations, and past response to treatment.
– Support for metastatic cancer patients is available through the OCRA (Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance) which offers resources such as a patient support team, online support groups, and peer-to-peer support programs.
– Early symptoms of ovarian cancer may include bloating, abdominal discomfort, trouble eating, and urinary urgency.
– Symptoms are more likely to occur when the cancer reaches an advanced stage and spreads to other areas of the body.
– Additional symptoms at this stage may include fatigue, constipation, vomiting and nausea, upset stomach, back pain, and abdominal swelling with weight loss.
– The five-year survival rate for metastatic ovarian cancer is approximately 18%.
– Treatment for metastatic ovarian cancer typically involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
– Each patient’s case is unique and should be reviewed individually to determine the best treatment option.

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Conjugata Vera: Unraveling the Complexity of Verb Conjugation

JiangRuoan

List relevant terms extracted from the text for the keyword “conjugata vera”:

1. Study
2. Transverse diameters
3. Oblique diameters
4. Dorsal diameter
5. Intermediary diameter
6. Ventral diameter
7. Cranial diameter
8. Caudal diameter
9. Medial transverse diameter
10. Right oblique diameter
11. Left oblique diameter
12. Right sacrocotyloid diameter
13. Left sacrocotyloid diameter
14. Conjugata vera
15. Conjugata diagonalis
16. Vertical diameter
17. Pelvic inclination
18. Angle between arcus ischiadicus
19. Line
20. Diameter
21. Sacral promontory
22. Symphysis pelvina/pubis

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Exploring Carcinoma Vulvae: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Treatment

JiangRuoan

– Vulvar cancer is a cancer that occurs in any part of the external female genitals.
– It most commonly develops in the labia minora, labia majora, and perineum.
– There are several types of vulvar cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (90% of cases in Australia), vulvar melanoma (2-4% of cases), sarcoma (rare), adenocarcinoma (rare), and basal cell carcinoma (very rare).
– Vulvar cancer is not common.
– It mainly affects women who have gone through menopause, but can also occur in younger women.
– The average age at diagnosis is 69 years old.
– It is estimated that more than 400 people were diagnosed with vulvar cancer in 2023.

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Adenomyosis Interna: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

– Adenomyosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus
– It causes the uterus to thicken and enlarge, sometimes up to double or triple its normal size
– Symptoms of adenomyosis include painful periods, heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding with clotting, and abdominal/pelvic pain
– Many women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) may not be aware they have adenomyosis because it doesn’t always cause symptoms
– The exact prevalence of adenomyosis is unknown
– Adenomyosis is more common in people who have had a procedure on their uterus and those who are older than 40
– Approximately 2% to 5% of adolescents with severely painful cycles have adenomyosis

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Understanding Atresia of Cervix: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

JiangRuoan

– Cervical agenesis
– Congenital disorder
– Absence of cervix
– Deformation of cervix
– Connecting structure between uterus and vagina
– Early adolescence
– Amenorrhea
– Cyclic pelvic pain
– Hematocolpos
– Endometriosis
– Pelvic adhesions
– Fetal development
– Paramesonephric duct
– Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
– Ultrasound
– Hormonal therapy
– Surgery
– Poor surgery outcomes
– Vaginal deformities
– Obstruction of menstrual flow
– Hematosalpinx
– Endometrioma
– Oral contraceptives
– Hysterectomy
– Neovaginoplasty
– Recanalization of cervix
– Low success rate
– 1 in 80,000 females

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Congenital absence of vagina: Causes, Treatment, and Support

JiangRuoan

– Congenital absence of vagina
– Vaginal agenesis
– Diagnosis and treatment options for vaginal agenesis
– External and internal exams for vaginal agenesis diagnosis
– Ultrasounds and MRIs for vaginal agenesis diagnosis
– Karyotyping for identifying genetic causes of vaginal agenesis
– Delayed treatment for vaginal agenesis
– Patient’s choice in timing and readiness for treatment
– Creating a vagina with vaginal dilators
– American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ recommendation of vaginal dilators
– Frequency, consistency, and pressure in dilation for successful treatment
– Normal orgasmic function in vaginal agenesis
– Natural or assisted lubrication in vaginal agenesis
– Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract medical center
– Specialization in treating females with vaginal agenesis
– Multidisciplinary team at the medical center
– Testing, treatment, counseling, and follow-up services at the medical center
– Center for Young Women’s Health (CYWH)
– Combination of Gynecology and Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine divisions at CYWH
– Empowering young women through programs, resources, and services at CYWH
– Team approach with doctors, nurses, and social workers at CYWH
– Accurate diagnoses and exceptional care at CYWH
– Vaginal dilators as the first choice of treatment for vaginal agenesis
– Use of dilators twice a day for 15 to 20 minutes
– Success rate of vaginal dilatation dependent on consistent and frequent use
– No impact on orgasmic function or lubrication in vaginal agenesis
– Water-based lubricant for intercourse if necessary
– CYWH’s focus on addressing physical and emotional effects of vaginal agenesis
– Provision of up-to-date information on gynecology, sexuality and health, development, fitness and nutrition, and emotional health at CYWH.

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Exploring the Origins, Symptoms, and Treatment of Endometrioid Adenoma

JiangRuoan

List:

– Endometrioid adenoma
– Adenoma-malignum-like
– Rare variant
– Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma
– 58 reported cases
– Microscopic examination
– Deep invasion of glandular cells
– Myometrium
– pT2 stage
– Cervical stromal involvement
– History of endometrial adenocarcinoma
– Pelvic mass
– Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
– Banal glands invading the myometrium
– Prognosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas
– “Adenoma malignum-like” pattern of invasion
– Recurrence-free survival
– Small sample size
– Adenocarcinoma with similar pattern of invasion
– Endometrioid type minimal deviation adenocarcinoma
– Diagnostic significance
– Benign-looking endometrial glands in the myometrium
– Consider as a differential diagnosis

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Hymen Intactus: Unveiling the Myth Behind Virginity & Feminine Anatomy

JiangRuoan

– Signs of a broken hymen include light spotting or bleeding, discomfort, or visible skin around the vaginal opening.
– The hymen may wear down naturally over time after it breaks, sometimes going back into the vagina or appearing as a small flap of skin.
– If one wants to check if their hymen is still there, they can use a mirror and look for a piece of tissue around the bottom part of the vaginal opening.
– Tampons can break the hymen and are a common way for it to tear gradually.
– The hymen can break before having sexual intercourse from activities like exercise or tampon insertion.
– It is possible for the hymen to break during the first sexual encounter, resulting in blood and some pain.
– Everyday activities like riding a bike, participating in gymnastics, horseback riding, climbing on a jungle gym, vigorous exercise, masturbation, and undergoing pelvic exams or Pap tests can cause the hymen to tear.
– The experience of the hymen breaking is different for everyone, and some may have no idea when or how it occurred.
– The hymen is a flexible piece of tissue at the opening of the vagina, and its presence or absence does not accurately indicate sexual activity.

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