Exploring the Diagnostic Criteria and Management of Borderline Serous Cystadenoma: A Comprehensive Guide
– Ovarian borderline serous cystadenomas represent approximately 15% of all serous tumors.
– They are more common in younger age groups, with a peak age of presentation of around 45 years.
– Clinical presentation is often silent until the tumor reaches an advanced size or stage.
– The most frequent initial symptoms are abdominal pain, increasing abdominal girth or distension, or an abdominal mass.
– Borderline tumors develop on the surface of the ovary without invading the underlying tissue and have characteristic papillary projections.
– They can develop extra-ovarian tumor implants in advanced stages, but these implants behave in a benign manner and remain on the surface of underlying tissues.
– Serum CA-125 level is typically mildly elevated.
– Radiographic features of borderline tumors include bilateral adnexal masses with profuse papillary projections.
– They can display aggressive behavior and occasionally present with peritoneal or nodal metastases.
– Doppler ultrasound can detect intratumoral blood flow, similar to more malignant neoplasms.
– Post-surgical prognosis is better than for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma.
– They are staged using the same ovarian cancer staging as malignant ovarian neoplasms.
– Borderline serous cystadenomas were first described in 1929 and received separate classification in the early 1970s by the World Health Organization.