Tag: delivery

Delivery date rule: Unveiling the secrets to seamless shipping

JiangRuoan

– A typical pregnancy lasts on average 280 days, or 40 weeks.
– The first day of the last normal menstrual period is considered day 1 of pregnancy.
– An estimated due date can be calculated using Naegele’s Rule.
– Naegele’s Rule involves three steps:
1. Determine the first day of the last menstrual period.
2. Count back 3 calendar months from that date.
3. Add 1 year and 7 days to that date.
– Naegele’s Rule is based on a normal 28-day menstrual cycle, so adjustments may be needed for longer or shorter menstrual cycles.
– There is also a chart available to estimate the delivery date using steps 1 and 2.

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The Persistent Occipitoposterior Position: A Guide to Delivery

JiangRuoan

– Occipito-posterior position is a malposition in which the baby’s back is directed posteriorly during a vertex presentation
– Occipito-posterior position occurs in approximately 10% of labors
– Right occipito-posterior (ROP) is more common than left occipito-posterior (LOP)
– Causes of occipito-posterior position include the shape of the pelvis (anthropoid and android pelvises are common causes), maternal kyphosis, anterior insertion of the placenta, and other malpresentations such as placenta previa, pelvic tumors, pendulous abdomen, polyhydramnios, and multiple pregnancy
– Diagnosis during pregnancy can be done through inspection, palpation, and auscultation
– Complications of occipito-posterior position include premature rupture of membranes, cord presentation and prolapse, prolonged labor, obstructed labor, increased incidence of instrumental and operative delivery, trauma to the genital tract, postpartum hemorrhage, and perinatal mortality
– The persistent occipitoposterior position occurs in about 3% of cases
– Long internal rotation, occurring in about 90% of cases, allows for delivery to proceed as in normal labor
– Direct occipitoposterior position occurs in about 6% of cases and can be managed by spontaneous delivery or with the aid of outlet forceps
– Deep transverse arrest occurs in 1% of cases and requires vacuum extraction or manual rotation and extraction with forceps
– Vacuum extraction can be used for rotation of the head, while manual rotation and extraction with forceps is done under general anesthesia
– Different types of forceps, such as Kielland’s forceps and Barton’s forceps, can be used for rotation and extraction of the head in persistent occipitoposterior position
– The Scanzoni double application method, which is considered hazardous, involves applying forceps twice for rotation and extraction
– If other methods fail, a Caesarean section may be necessary. Other indications for a C-section include contracted pelvis, placenta previa, prolapsed pulsating cord, and elderly primigravida
– Craniotomy may be performed if the fetus is dead
– Vacuum extraction and Caesarean section are the commonly used methods in modern obstetrics for managing persistent occipitoposterior position

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Low Forceps Delivery: Reducing Risks and Ensuring Success

JiangRuoan

– Low forceps delivery is a method used in complicated or prolonged childbirth
– Forceps deliveries can cause serious injuries if done improperly
– Forceps are used when a baby is stuck in the birth canal and showing signs of distress
– Low cavity/mid-cavity forceps and rotational forceps are other types of forceps used
– Vacuum extraction is also a common form of assisted delivery, but forceps are associated with less failure
– In 2013, only 3% of children were delivered using forceps or vacuum extraction
– Proper use of forceps is important to avoid complications
– Forceps may cause birth injuries to both the mother and baby
– Forceps delivery should not be used in certain situations, such as when the baby cannot fit through the mother’s pelvis or has a bleeding disorder or weakened bones
– Complications from forceps delivery can cause brain damage, bleeding, jaundice, seizures, fractures, bumps or bruises on the baby’s head, cuts or lacerations on the baby’s face, and facial muscle weakness in the baby
– Maternal birth injuries from forceps delivery are more common and can include blood clots, bladder injuries, incontinence, pain in the perineum, uterine rupture, and vaginal or rectal tears
– Doctors may perform an episiotomy (incision between the vagina and anus) during forceps delivery
– Treatment for forceps delivery injuries may include examination for injuries, minor injuries healing on their own, stitches for cuts or tears, catheter insertion for incontinence, and longer healing times or surgery for severe tears
– Many complications from forceps delivery are caused by medical negligence and may be considered medical malpractice
– Those who have experienced a birth injury caused by forceps delivery may be eligible for financial compensation
– The history and development of obstetrical forceps
– Factors that have decreased the use of forceps deliveries in modern obstetrics.

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