Tag: fertility

The Fascinating Functions and Importance of Corpus Lutein

JiangRuoan

– corpus luteum
– temporary endocrine structure
– female ovaries
– produces progesterone, estradiol, and inhibin A
– remains of ovarian follicle after ovulation
– inhibits release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone
– new corpus luteum forms with each menstrual cycle
– size ranges from under 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter
– develops from follicular cells
– produces progesterone from cholesterol
– increase in enzyme P450scc during corpus luteum development
– involved in metabolism and produces antioxidant enzymes
– secretes progesterone and relaxin
– responsible for development and maintenance of endometrium and softening of pubic symphysis
– if egg is not fertilized, corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue
– if egg is fertilized, corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone
– prostaglandins can cause degeneration of corpus luteum and abortion of fetus
– in placental animals like humans, placenta takes over progesterone production
– luteal support involves administration of medication (progestins)
– corpus luteum gets yellow color from carotenoids, particularly lutein
– temporary endocrine structure in female mammals that forms after ovulation
– carotenoids concentrated from animal’s diet
– similar structures and functions in some reptiles
– dairy cattle follow similar cycle
– mentions pathology of corpus luteum cyst
– yellow hormone-secreting body in female reproductive system
– formed in ovary after ovulation
– made up of lutein cells
– secretes estrogens and progesterone
– prepares uterus for implantation and nourishment of embryo
– becomes inactive after 10-14 days if egg is not fertilized
– leads to menstruation.

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The Fascinating Journey: Ability to Conceive and Parenthood

JiangRuoan

– Most women get pregnant within a year of trying, with around 1 in 3 getting pregnant within a month of trying.
– Around 1 in 7 couples have difficulties getting pregnant.
– More than 8 out of 10 couples where the woman is under 40 will get pregnant within one year if they have regular unprotected sex.
– More than 9 out of 10 couples will get pregnant within 2 years.
– The Pill does not cause infertility, but it may cover up conditions linked to infertility.
– Lifestyle factors can affect fertility.
– Make an appointment with a GP if you haven’t conceived after a year, or sooner if you are over 36 or have a known fertility issue.
– Low sperm count, medical issues, and irregular or no periods can affect fertility.
– General practitioners (GPs) will ask about lifestyle, health, and medical history to assess the situation.
– Medication, lifestyle, and habits are also considered.
– Unexplained infertility is when no reason has been found for fertility problems.
– If trying to conceive for more than two years, IVF may be offered.
– Both partners will be offered fertility tests.
– Tests for men include a semen test to measure quantity and quality of sperm.
– Tests for women may include hormone level checks, evaluation of ovarian response to fertility drugs, and examination of fallopian tubes.
– Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and availability in the local area.
– Three main types of fertility treatment are mentioned: ovulation-improving drugs, surgery for blockages or growths in the reproductive system, and assisted conception methods like IUI and IVF.
– The Fertility Network UK provides support and forums for those affected by infertility.

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Cervical Mucus Examination: Understanding Fertility and Reproduction Patterns

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– Cervical mucus has two jobs: helping sperm move through the cervix during ovulation and preventing substances from entering the cervix.
– There are different types of cervical mucus throughout the menstrual cycle, including dry, sticky, creamy, slippery (resembling raw egg whites), and wet.
– Cervical mucus changes as hormone levels shift throughout the menstrual cycle. Estrogen increases before ovulation, causing the mucus to become stretchy and slippery, making it easier for sperm to reach the egg.
– After ovulation, estrogen levels drop and progesterone levels rise, causing the mucus to dry up.
– The fertile cervical mucus, resembling raw egg whites, indicates the most fertile time for conception.
– Cervical mucus serves as a medium for sperm to swim through to reach the egg.
– Estrogen and progesterone are the hormones responsible for the changes in cervical mucus.
– The article discusses cervical mucus examination and its changes throughout the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. It states that most women with a 28-day cycle ovulate around day 14, which is when cervical mucus becomes slippery, stretchy, and highly fertile.
– The egg white discharge typically lasts for about four days.
– After ovulation, cervical mucus thickens or dries up until menstruation occurs.
– Some women may still produce cervical mucus if they have conceived at ovulation, and this can indicate pregnancy.
– In some cases, implantation bleeding may occur, which is characterized by brown or pink tinged cervical mucus.
– The cervical mucus method of FAMs helps predict fertility by tracking changes in cervical mucus throughout the menstrual cycle.
– Hormones control the menstrual cycle and cause the cervix to produce mucus.
– The method involves checking the mucus daily and recording the results on a chart.
– Changes in the mucus indicate when ovulation is likely to occur.
– Unprotected sex is safe during non-fertile days, while another form of birth control should be used during fertile days.
– It is recommended to start this method with the help of a healthcare professional.
– The method is more effective when used in combination with the temperature method.
– Another type of cervical mucus method is the 2-day method.
– Cervical mucus can be checked by wiping the opening of the vagina with a tissue, checking the mucus on underwear, or inserting clean fingers into the vagina.
– The article explains how to examine and chart cervical mucus to determine fertility.
– The consistency and appearance of cervical mucus can change throughout the menstrual cycle.
– During menstruation, cervical mucus is not noticeable.
– After menstruation, there are usually dry days without mucus.
– Before ovulation, mucus becomes sticky or tacky and may be yellow, white, or cloudy.
– The most fertile days are characterized by clear, slippery mucus that resembles raw egg whites and can be stretched between the fingers.
– After ovulation, mucus decreases and becomes cloudy and sticky again.
– The article suggests that safe days for unprotected sex occur after ovulation and before the period, usually lasting for about 11-14 days.
– However, the length of the safe days may vary depending on the individual’s menstrual cycle.
– The article advises avoiding sex during menstruation as it can be considered unsafe due to the presence of blood.
– Cervical mucus examination is a method used to determine safe and unsafe days for sexual activity to prevent pregnancy.
– Unsafe days occur when the body is producing sticky or tacky mucus, and continue until slippery mucus is present leading up to ovulation.
– Unsafe, slippery days last for about 3-4 days.
– Changes to cervical mucus can be caused by activities such as vaginal sex, using lube, certain medications, breastfeeding, surgery on the cervix, douching, early menopause, and recent use of hormonal birth control or the morning-after pill.
– Cervical mucus methods may not be effective for individuals with low discharge production.
– The 2-day method is a simpler approach, where individuals ask themselves if they had cervical mucus on that day and the previous day.
– If the answer is yes to only one question, it is advised to use birth control or avoid vaginal sex.
– Checking cervical mucus can be done at any time of day as long as it is consistent.

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Hypoplasia of the uterus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

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– Uterine hypoplasia is a condition where a girl is born with a small uterus
– It is a congenital disorder present at birth
– The cause of abnormal fetal development leading to uterine hypoplasia is unknown
– Uterine hypoplasia may be a symptom of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH), which involves underdeveloped or absent uterus and vagina
– Symptoms may include failure to start periods, abdominal pain, and a small or no vaginal opening
– Diagnosis is often not made until puberty when a girl fails to start having periods and visits a doctor
– Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, pelvic exam, blood tests, ultrasound, and MRI
– Treatment depends on the individual and her symptoms

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Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone: Unlocking Its Role in Pregnancy

JiangRuoan

List of keywords related to ‘chorionic gonadotropin hormone’:

– chorionic gonadotropin
– hormone
– NCBI website
– access denied
– temporary block
– misuse
– abuse
– security issue
– virus
– attack
– run away script
– learning
– E-utilities
– efficient work
– impact
– researchers
– restore access
– system administrator
– contact
– info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Ovulation: Understanding Your Fertility Cycle for Successful Conception

JiangRuoan

– Ovulation is a part of the female menstrual cycle where an egg is released from an ovary and moves towards the uterus.
– Ovulation usually occurs once each month, about two weeks before the next period and can last from 16 to 32 hours.
– Ovulation does not occur if a woman is on the contraceptive pill, pregnant, or postmenopausal.
– It is possible to get pregnant in the five days before ovulation and on the day of ovulation, but the three days leading up to and including ovulation are the most likely for pregnancy.
– Signs of ovulation include slick and slippery vaginal discharge or mucus, abdominal pain on one side of the tummy, and premenstrual symptoms.
– Ovulation predictor kits can be used to predict fertile days by measuring the level of luteinising hormone (LH) in urine.
– Ovulation calculators or calendars can help determine fertile days and estimate due dates.
– Some women do not ovulate regularly, particularly in the first two to three years after periods start and during the lead-up to menopause.
– Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), amenorrhoea, and certain hormone conditions can cause irregular ovulation or no ovulation at all.
– Medical tests, such as blood tests for progesterone, can be conducted to check if a woman is ovulating.
– Tablets and injections can be used to increase hormones that control ovulation for women who do not ovulate regularly.
– There are various ways to improve chances of ovulation.

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HCG Diet Explained: A Comprehensive Guide to Weight Loss

JiangRuoan

– Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone found during pregnancy.
– hCG can be measured in urine and blood.
– Blood tests can be used to check the progress of a pregnancy by measuring hCG levels.
– It takes about 2 weeks for hCG levels to be high enough to be detected by a home pregnancy test.
– Low levels of hCG may be found in blood 6 to 10 days after ovulation.
– hCG levels are highest at the end of the first trimester and gradually decline over the rest of pregnancy.
– Average hCG levels in blood during pregnancy vary by week.
– Higher than expected hCG levels may indicate a multiple pregnancy or an abnormal growth in the uterus.
– Falling hCG levels may suggest a pregnancy loss or ectopic pregnancy.
– hCG levels alone do not provide a diagnosis but indicate potential issues that need further investigation. The article mentions that to confirm the presence of more than one baby, an ultrasound is required. It advises individuals with concerns about their hCG levels to consult with their doctor or maternity healthcare professional.

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Progesterone: The Crucial Hormone for Reproduction and Beyond

JiangRuoan

– The main function of progesterone is to prepare the endometrium for a fertilized egg to implant and grow.
– Progesterone thickens the uterine lining and creates a good environment for a fertilized egg to implant.
– If no pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels decrease, causing the uterine lining to thin and break down, leading to menstruation.
– Progesterone helps support the early stages of pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining and preventing ovulation.
– Progesterone also suppresses uterine contractions and helps prepare the breasts for breastfeeding.
– Progesterone levels increase each trimester during pregnancy, reaching their highest level in the third trimester.
– Progesterone levels decline leading up to menopause, when ovulation stops.
– Low progesterone levels may make it difficult to conceive and increase the risk of miscarriage.

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Understanding Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and Support

JiangRuoan

– Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
– It can cause severe pelvic pain and make it harder to get pregnant.
– The cause of endometriosis is unknown, and there is no known way to prevent it.
– There is no cure for endometriosis, but its symptoms can be treated with medicines or surgery.
– It causes a chronic inflammatory reaction and can result in the formation of scar tissue.
– Different types of endometriosis lesions have been described, including superficial, cystic ovarian, and deep endometriosis.
– Symptoms of endometriosis include severe pelvic pain, pain during sex or when using the bathroom, trouble getting pregnant, heavy bleeding, bloating, fatigue, depression, and anxiety.
– Retrograde menstruation, cellular metaplasia, and stem cells are thought to contribute to the development of endometriosis.
– Estrogen is known to be involved in endometriosis, but the relationship is complex.
– Endometriosis has significant social, public health, and economic implications.
– It can decrease quality of life due to severe pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and infertility.
– Pain can prevent individuals from going to work or school.
– Painful sex due to endometriosis can impact sexual health.
– There is currently no known way to prevent endometriosis.
– Early diagnosis and management can slow or halt the progression of the disease.
– Several screening tools and tests have been proposed but none are validated to accurately identify the disease.
– Ultrasonography or MRI can be used to detect certain forms of endometriosis.
– Histologic verification through surgical/laparoscopic visualization can help confirm diagnosis.
– Treatments for endometriosis vary based on symptom severity and desire for pregnancy.
– No treatments cure the disease.
– Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and painkillers like ibuprofen can be used to treat pain.
– Hormonal medicines and contraceptive methods can help control pain.
– Fertility medicines and procedures may be used for those having difficulty getting pregnant.
– Surgery is sometimes used to remove endometriosis lesions and scar tissue.
– Treatment options depend on individual preferences, effectiveness, side effects, safety, cost, and availability.
– Raising awareness can lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
– Hormonal management can have adverse side effects and may not be suitable for individuals with endometriosis who want to get pregnant.
– Success in reducing pain symptoms and increasing pregnancy rates through surgery depends on the severity of the disease.
– Lesions may recur even after successful treatment, and pelvic floor muscle abnormalities can contribute to chronic pelvic pain.
– Physiotherapy and complementary treatments may benefit patients with secondary changes in the pelvis and central sensitization.
– Treatment options for infertility caused by endometriosis include surgical removal, ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization.
– Lack of awareness among the general public and healthcare providers can lead to a delay in diagnosis.
– Limited awareness of endometriosis among primary healthcare providers can result in a lack of medical treatment for symptomatic management.
– Access to specialized surgery is sub-optimal in many countries, particularly low and middle-income countries.
– Screening and accurate prediction tools for endometriosis are lacking.
– Non-invasive diagnostic methods and medical treatments that do not prevent pregnancy are needed.
– WHO recognizes the impact of endometriosis on sexual and reproductive health and aims to stimulate effective policies and interventions globally.
– WHO partners with various stakeholders, including research institutions and patient support groups, to address endometriosis.
– WHO collaborates with stakeholders to collect and analyze endometriosis prevalence data for decision-making.

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Fishing Techniques: Exploring the Art of Catching FSH

JiangRuoan

List of Pertinent Information for Keyword ‘fsh’:

1. High FSH levels in women may indicate primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause or perimenopause, an ovarian tumor, or Turner syndrome.
2. Low FSH levels in women may indicate insufficient egg production, pituitary gland dysfunction, hypothalamus problems, or being underweight.
3. High FSH levels in men may indicate testicular damage from chemotherapy, radiation, infection, or alcohol abuse, or Klinefelter syndrome.
4. Low FSH levels in men may indicate a disorder of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
5. High FSH levels in children along with high levels of luteinizing hormone may indicate the onset of puberty and could be a sign of a central nervous system disorder or brain injury.
6. Low FSH and luteinizing hormone levels in children may indicate delayed puberty, which can be caused by various factors such as ovarian or testicular disorders, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, infection, hormone deficiency, or an eating disorder.
7. The FSH test is used to determine if there is an imbalance in FSH levels and can help determine the cause of issues related to the pituitary gland or ovaries/testicles.
8. The FSH test may be done alongside a test for luteinizing hormone (LH), another pituitary hormone.
9. Test results can vary depending on age, gender, and health history.
10. Normal FSH levels for men are 1.4 to 15.4 mIU/mL.
11. Normal FSH levels for women depend on the menstrual cycle phase.
12. The FSH test is done with a blood sample taken from a vein in the arm or hand.
13. Risks of the FSH test include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded.
14. Being pregnant or taking birth control pills may affect the results of an FSH test.
15. Certain medicines can also impact the test results, so individuals should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, herbs, vitamins, and supplements they are taking.
16. No specific facts, stats, or figures are provided in the article.

Note: Any duplications have been removed.

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