Tag: hormonal imbalance

Revolutionizing Women’s Health: Pseudo Menopause Therapy Demystified

JiangRuoan

– Hormonal therapy as a treatment for endometriosis
– GnRH Agonists used in hormonal therapy for endometriosis
– Side effects of GnRH Agonists in pseudo-menopausal state
– Available GnRH Agonists in Australia: Zoladex, Lucrin, Synarel
– Synarel as a treatment for endometriosis
– Cost of Synarel treatment
– Progestogenic agents used in endometriosis treatment
– Duphaston as a preferred progestogenic agent
– Side effects of progestogenic agents in endometriosis treatment
– Danazol as a pseudo-menopause therapy for endometriosis
– Side effects of Danazol in pseudo-menopause therapy
– Gestrinone as a potential pseudo-menopause therapy for endometriosis
– Side effects of Gestrinone in pseudo-menopause therapy

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SertoliLeydig Cell Tumour: A Comprehensive Understanding of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

JiangRuoan

List for the keyword ‘sertoli-leydig cell tumour’:

– The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (SLCT) originates in the ovaries of females.
– It is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects one ovary.
– SLCT cells release a male sex hormone, which can cause symptoms such as a deep voice, enlarged clitoris, facial hair, loss in breast size, and cessation of menstrual periods.
– Pain in the lower belly may be experienced due to the tumor pressing on nearby structures.
– SLCT typically begins in one ovary of a woman.
– The cancer cells release a male sex hormone, leading to symptoms such as a deep voice, enlarged clitoris, facial hair, loss in breast size, and stopped menstrual periods.
– Pain in the lower belly (pelvic area) can also occur due to the tumor pressing on nearby structures.

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Amenorrhea: Understanding its Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

The following list contains terms that are pertinent to the keyword ‘amenorrhea’ and have not been duplicated:

– Amenorrhea (the absence of menstrual periods)
– Androgen insensitivity (a genetic condition where a person has physical traits of a woman but male sex chromosomes)
– Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder that causes severe food restriction and weight loss)
– Estrogen (a female hormone produced in the ovaries)
– Hormone therapy (treatment to relieve menopausal symptoms)
– Hymen (a membrane at the entrance of the vaginal opening)
– Inflammatory bowel disease (a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the intestines)
– Kidney (an organ that filters waste from the blood)
– Menopause (the permanent cessation of menstrual periods)
– Menstrual cycle (monthly changes in a woman’s body for possible pregnancy)
– Menstrual period (the shedding of blood and tissue from the uterus)
– Obstetrician-gynecologist (a doctor specializing in women’s health)
– Osteoporosis (a condition of thin bones)
– Ovaries (organs that produce eggs and hormones)
– Pelvic exam (physical examination of pelvic organs)
– Pituitary gland (a gland near the brain that controls changes in the body)
– Polycystic ovary syndrome (a hormonal imbalance affecting menstrual cycles, ovulation, fertility, and metabolism)
– Primary ovarian insufficiency (ovaries stop working before age 40)
– Progesterone (a hormone that prepares the uterus lining for pregnancy)
– Thyroid gland (a gland that produces thyroid hormone to regulate metabolism)
– Turner syndrome (a genetic condition causing physical abnormalities)
– Ultrasound exam (a test using sound waves to examine internal body parts)

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Anovulatory Functional Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Explained

JiangRuoan

– Anovulatory functional bleeding is a condition characterized by irregular or heavy bleeding without ovulation.
– Treatment options for anovulatory functional bleeding include combination oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol, and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems.
– Combination oral contraceptives with ≤35 mcg of ethinyl estradiol are effective for contraception but are contraindicated in certain individuals with specific medical conditions.
– Medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol do not provide contraception and caution is advised in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction.
– Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems provide contraception for five years and may cause irregular bleeding or amenorrhea. They are contraindicated in patients with breast cancer, uterine anomalies, acute pelvic or cervical infection, and severe cirrhosis or liver cancer.
– Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and mefenamic acid can be used to treat dysmenorrhea associated with anovulatory bleeding.
– Tranexamic acid is an option approved by the FDA for menorrhagia associated with anovulatory functional bleeding, but caution is advised in patients with a history or risk of thromboembolic or renal disease. It is contraindicated in patients with active intravascular clotting or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
– Anovulatory bleeding is a type of abnormal uterine bleeding that occurs when ovulation does not happen.
– Anovulation can be caused by physical or psychological stressors and is common for women to experience an occasional anovulatory cycle.
– Chronic anovulation can lead to the lining of the uterus building up without being shed, resulting in irregular and potentially heavier bleeding.
– Causes of anovulatory bleeding can include hormonal imbalances during adolescence and the perimenopausal transition, as well as obesity.
– Treatment options for anovulatory bleeding typically involve hormonal methods such as the oral contraceptive pill or progestin-containing IUD.
– Weight loss is important for obese individuals experiencing anovulatory bleeding. Medical advice should be sought if there are concerns about irregular bleeding or menstrual cycle issues.

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Exploring GalactorrheaAmenorrhea Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

JiangRuoan

List of Pertinent Information about ‘Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome’:
1. The most common cause of galactorrhea is a benign tumor on the pituitary gland, leading to excess prolactin production.
2. Other causes of galactorrhea include medication use, breast stimulation, thyroid disorders, chronic kidney disease, herbal supplement use, opioid use, and spinal cord injury.
3. Symptoms of galactorrhea include leaking a light white discharge from the nipples, amenorrhea, vaginal dryness, headache, reduced sex drive, new hair growth on the chest or chin, acne, and erectile dysfunction.
4. Galactorrhea is usually not life-threatening and can be treated effectively.
5. Galactorrhea does not directly cause weight gain, but increased prolactin and thyroid disorders are associated with weight gain.
6. The milk produced in galactorrhea is considered milk as it is produced by prolactin.
7. Galactorrhea in newborn babies is rare and usually resolves on its own.
8. Men or people assigned male at birth can also experience galactorrhea, often in association with gynecomastia or low testosterone.
9. ‘Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome’ is associated with the combination of secondary amenorrhea and galactorrhea.
10. There are two syndromes related to ‘Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome’: Forbes-Albright syndrome and Chiari-Frommel syndrome.
11. Forbes-Albright syndrome involves a pituitary tumor, with or without prior pregnancy, while Chiari-Frommel syndrome occurs after pregnancy without a pituitary tumor.
12. Small pituitary adenomas can be difficult to identify clinically, and progression to a neoplastic syndrome has been observed.
13. A case study mentioned a mother and daughter with amenorrhea-galactorrhea associated with a pituitary adenoma.
14. The mother developed symptoms after pregnancy, while the daughter experienced amenorrhea following emotional trauma.
15. Both individuals had an enlarged sella turcica, and the presence of a tumor was confirmed through craniotomy.
16. The tumors resembled chromophobe adenomas but had fine eosinophilic granulation.
17. The nature of the reported case is uncertain as amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome has been described as part of a multiple endocrine adenomatosis syndrome.

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Anovulatory Dysfunction: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Management Strategies

JiangRuoan

– Abnormal uterine bleeding: menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, intermenstrual bleeding, midcycle spotting, postmenopausal bleeding, amenorrhea
– Anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding: disturbance of the normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, irregular bleeding episodes, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, changes in prostaglandin concentration, increased endometrial responsiveness to vasodilating prostaglandins, changes in endometrial vascular structure
– Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding: bleeding occurs cyclically, menorrhagia, defects in the control mechanisms of menstruation, blood loss rates 3 times faster than women with normal menses
– Menstrual cycle: 28 days, starts on the first day of menses, endometrium thickens under the influence of estrogen, rising estrogen levels stimulate pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), ovum release at midpoint of cycle, corpus luteum dies if implantation does not occur, hormone withdrawal causes vasoconstriction in the spiral arterioles of the endometrium leading to menses

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Anovular Menstruation: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

– Anovular menstruation is when an egg does not come out of the ovary during the menstrual cycle.
– Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility.
– Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary, typically on day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
– Ovulation is regulated by hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.
– After ovulation, the egg travels through the fallopian tube to reach the uterus.
– Progesterone is produced to prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy.
– Low progesterone levels during anovulatory cycles can cause significant bleeding.
– Symptoms of anovulation include missing periods, irregular periods, lack of cervical mucus, abnormal periods (heavy or light), and irregular basal body temperature.
– Girls who have just started their periods and women approaching menopause are at higher risk of anovulatory cycles.
– Other factors increasing the risk for anovulation include excessive exercise patterns.
– Anovulation is caused by an imbalance of hormones involved in ovulation.
– Hormonal disorders and circumstances such as hyperandrogenism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, low levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and certain medications can cause anovulation.
– Irregular periods are a common sign, and diagnosis can be done through blood tests and pelvic organ examination.
– Treatment involves lifestyle changes, adjusting current medications, and potentially using a human chorionic gonadotropin injection.
– Treatment options for anovulation include hormonal medications such as clomiphene citrate, follicle-stimulating hormone injections, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists injections.
– If these treatments are unsuccessful, options such as intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization are available for those trying to conceive.
– Anovulatory bleeding can cause irregular, prolonged, and heavy bleeding.
– The return to ovulation after an anovulatory cycle can vary from person to person.
– Women with an anovulatory cycle typically do not experience ovulation but may experience bleeding due to hormonal changes.
– Lifestyle modifications can help naturally treat an anovulatory cycle, such as improving sleep quality, balancing hormones naturally, and adjusting dietary habits.
– Ovaries play a role in menstruation and conception by producing eggs and hormones.
– Around 1000 immature eggs are lost every month during menstruation.
– There are four phases of ovulation: menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.
– Ovulation can be induced using medication like Clomiphene citrate.
– The egg can live for 12 to 24 hours after ovulation, and the fertile window for pregnancy is five days before until one day after ovulation.
– Ovulation can cause abdominal pain and light bleeding. The pain depends on which ovary is releasing the egg.
– Anovulation is when the ovaries don’t release an egg, causing irregular or absent periods.
– It is common for young girls, women approaching menopause, and women with regular cycles to experience anovulation.
– Anovulation occurs when hormonal levels are out of balance.
– Potential causes of anovulation include PCOS, weight issues, over-exercising, thyroid and pituitary disorders, and certain medications.
– Symptoms of anovulation may include heavy periods, irregular bleeding, or no bleeding at all.
– To diagnose anovulation, it is recommended to track your menstrual cycle and discuss any concerns with a doctor. They may also recommend blood tests to measure hormone levels.
– The treatment for anovulation varies depending on the underlying cause. Weight loss or weight gain, depending on whether the person is overweight or underweight, can help regulate periods.
– Fertility drugs may be prescribed if lifestyle changes do not work, and the person is otherwise healthy to conceive.
– Getting pregnant with anovulation can be challenging, but treating underlying conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism can increase the chances of pregnancy.
– In some cases, the assistance of a fertility specialist may be necessary.

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PCOS: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

JiangRuoan

– PCOS is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones.
– Women with PCOS may have many small cysts in their ovaries.
– The condition can cause problems with a woman’s menstrual cycle and lead to symptoms such as missed or irregular periods, excess body hair, weight gain, acne, and infertility.
– PCOS may be caused by insulin resistance and can run in families.
– Diagnosis of PCOS involves a medical history, physical exam, pelvic exam, ultrasound to check for cysts, and blood tests.
– Treatment typically involves medication to help manage symptoms and prevent health problems.
– Women with PCOS are at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart problems, and uterine cancer.
– Seeking medical care is recommended if experiencing missed or irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and weight gain.
– Treatment options depend on various factors such as age, severity of symptoms, and desire for pregnancy.
– For those planning to become pregnant, treatment may involve changes in diet, increased physical activity, and medications to induce ovulation.
– For those not planning to become pregnant, treatment may include birth control pills, diabetes medication to lower insulin resistance, changes in diet and activity, and medications to manage other symptoms such as hair growth or acne.
– Cosmetic treatments such as electrolysis and laser hair removal can help manage physical symptoms.

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