Tag: hormone imbalance

Understanding Simple Hyperplasia of the Endometrium: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

JiangRuoan

– Simple hyperplasia of endometrium: A condition where the lining of the uterus becomes too thick.
– Endometrial biopsy: A procedure in which a small amount of tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed and examined under a microscope.
– Hormone therapy: A treatment that involves taking estrogen and sometimes progestin to relieve menopausal symptoms.
– Hysterectomy: A surgery to remove the uterus.
– Hysteroscopy: A procedure where a lighted telescope is inserted into the uterus through the cervix for viewing or surgery.
– Menopause: The permanent cessation of menstrual periods confirmed after 1 year of no periods.
– Menstrual cycle: The monthly process of changes in a woman’s body to prepare for possible pregnancy.
– Menstrual periods: The shedding of blood and tissue from the uterus.
– Obstetrician-Gynecologist (Ob-Gyn): A doctor specialized in women’s health.
– Ovaries: Organs in women that contain eggs for reproduction and produce hormones.
– Ovulation: The release of an egg from an ovary.
– Perimenopause: The time leading up to menopause.
– Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal imbalance condition affecting menstrual periods, ovulation, fertility, and metabolism.
– Progesterone: A female hormone produced in the ovaries that prepares the uterus lining for pregnancy.
– Progestin: A synthetic form of progesterone used for various purposes.
– Transvaginal ultrasound exam: A type of ultrasound conducted with a device placed in the vagina.

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Congenital Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia: Unveiling Symptoms and Treatments

JiangRuoan

– Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of genetic disorders affecting the adrenal glands.
– CAH results in a lack of enzymes required to produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones, and adrenaline.
– Classic CAH is typically diagnosed at birth and may present with ambiguous external genitalia, low cortisol and aldosterone levels, and high levels of male hormones.
– Nonclassic CAH is milder and often diagnosed later in childhood or early adulthood, with symptoms such as excess body hair and irregular periods in women.
– The most common cause of CAH is a genetic mutation in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme, leading to increased production of male hormones.
– Symptoms of CAH can vary depending on the gene defect and level of enzyme deficiency and may include low appetite, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and adrenal crisis.
– CAH can affect both males and females.
– CAH can be diagnosed through prenatal testing or after birth using blood tests and genetic testing.
– Treatment for CAH aims to reduce excessive androgens and replace deficient hormones through medication such as corticosteroids, fludrocortisone, salt supplements, oral contraceptive pills, and anti-androgen drugs.
– Regular physical exams and blood tests are necessary for monitoring hormone levels and treatment side effects.
– Individuals with CAH should receive information on managing illness and surgery.
– Girls with CAH may consider altering the appearance of their genitalia for functional or cosmetic reasons.
– The article was prepared by Dr. Roshan Dinparastisaleh, a 2021 Endocrinology Research Fellow, under the supervision of Dr. Hamrahian, Salvatori, and Morris-Wiseman.

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