Tag: medical science

Abdominal Stalk: Unveiling the Fascinating Science of Digestion

JiangRuoan

– Body-stalk anomaly is a rare abdominal wall defect in which the abdominal organs develop outside of a baby’s abdominal cavity and remain attached directly to the placenta.
– This condition is accompanied by a short or non-existent umbilical cord and is almost always fatal for the fetus.
– The cause of body-stalk anomaly is unknown, but theories include early rupture of the amnion or amniotic band constriction due to that rupture, disruption of the embryo’s vascular system, or abnormalities in the fertilized egg.
– Body-stalk anomaly has been associated with cocaine usage and younger mothers but is mostly considered to occur randomly and is not believed to be genetic.
– Diagnosis is usually made through prenatal ultrasound in either the first 10-14 weeks or 16-20 weeks of pregnancy, and abnormalities in abdominal structures, head, arms, and legs can be seen.
– Early detection allows parents to have the option of early termination.
– There is no known treatment for body-stalk anomaly.
– The focus of treatment for this condition is counseling and support for the expectant mother and family, as well as allowing the option to terminate the pregnancy or let it proceed naturally, knowing the baby will live for only a short time after delivery.

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Anatomy: Exploring the Wonders and Complexities Within Us

JiangRuoan

– Anatomy is the study of the structure and identification of organisms’ bodies and their different sections.
– Gross anatomy is a subdivision of anatomy that deals with the study of anatomy visible to the naked eye on a macroscopic level.
– Microscopic anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms at a microscopic level.
– Histology studies how cells develop into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
– Embryology focuses on studying the embryo and its development.
– Developmental anatomy examines the changes in the body from fertilization to adulthood.
– Radiographic anatomy uses X-rays to observe the body’s systems and organs.
– Pathological anatomy analyzes samples from bodily fluids, tissues, and organs to diagnose and treat diseases.
– Human anatomy is organized through cells that come together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems.
– The 4 main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous.
– There are a total of 11 organ systems in the human body.
– Anatomical nomenclature is the Latin-based terminology used to describe the position and location of body parts.
– Anatomical planes, such as coronal, axial, sagittal, median, and parasagittal, are hypothetical planes used to describe the location of bodily structures.
– Comparative anatomy compares similar body structures in different animal species to understand evolutionary changes.
– Marcello Malpighi discovered the system of tiny capillaries.
– Robert Hooke observed compartments in plants called “cells.”
– Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed muscle fibers and spermatozoa using microscopes.
– The cell was recognized as the fundamental unit of organization in all living things.
– Technical advancements in the compound microscope, such as achromatic lenses, improved its resolving power.
– Microtomes were developed to study tissue specimens under the light microscope.
– Synthetic dyes were used to stain tissues different colors, enhancing the detail visible in thin sections.
– Cytology is the study of cells, and histology is the study of tissue organization.
– Electron microscopes became the prime tool for anatomical research in the 1950s.
– X-ray diffraction was used to study the structures of molecules in living things, leading to the development of molecular anatomy.
– Anatomical names for parts of the human body are usually in Latin.
– The German Anatomical Society standardized anatomical nomenclature in 1887, resulting in the Terminologia Anatomica.
– The Terminologia Anatomica includes about 7,500 terms and was made available online in 2011.

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