Empowering Women's Health: Insights from a Gynecologist
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– Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
– The virus can be spread through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.
– Some people may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms but can still spread the virus.
– Symptoms include pain, itching, and sores around the genitals, anus, or mouth.
– There is no cure for genital herpes, but medicine can help ease symptoms and reduce the risk of infecting others.
– Condoms can help prevent the spread of genital herpes.
– Symptoms usually appear 2 to 12 days after exposure to the virus.
– Sores can develop on the buttocks, thighs, rectum, anus, mouth, urethra, vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, or scrotum.
– After the first outbreak, recurrent outbreaks may occur, but they are usually less severe and don’t last as long.
– Warning signs of a recurrent outbreak may include genital pain, tingling, or shooting pain in the legs, hips, or buttocks.
– It is recommended to see a healthcare provider if you suspect you have genital herpes or any other sexually transmitted infection.
– Genital herpes is caused by two types of herpes simplex virus – HSV-2 and HSV-1.
– HSV-2 is the most common cause of genital herpes and can be present on blisters and ulcers, in the mouth, vagina, or rectum.
– HSV-1 is a version of the virus that causes cold sores and can be transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact.
– Recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 are often less frequent.
– Neither HSV-1 nor HSV-2 survives well at room temperature and is not likely to spread through surfaces.
– However, the virus can spread through kissing or sharing objects like drinking glasses or silverware.
– Risk factors for contracting genital herpes include having unprotected sexual contact, especially without using barriers like condoms or dental dams, and having sex with multiple partners.
– Women are at a higher risk of getting genital herpes, and the virus spreads more easily from men to women than from women to men.
– Genital herpes is often undiagnosed, with many people unaware that they have it.
– Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of contracting genital herpes.
– Genital herpes is spread through sexual activity and contact with infected genitals.
– Medication can help limit outbreaks of genital herpes, but there is no cure.
– Certain groups, including women, those with a history of sexually transmitted diseases, older people, Black people in the United States, and men who have sex with men, are diagnosed with genital herpes at higher rates.
– Complications of genital herpes can include other sexually transmitted infections, newborn infection during delivery, internal inflammatory disease, finger infections, eye infections, swelling of the brain, and infection of internal organs.
– Prevention of genital herpes involves practicing safe sex and having a long-term sexual partner.
– Chlamydia is a common STD that can cause infection among both men and women.
– Chlamydia can cause permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system and potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy.
– Chlamydia can be spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, even without ejaculation.
– The only way to completely avoid STDs is to not have sex, but using condoms and being in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship can lower the risk.
– Sexually active people, especially young individuals and gay/bisexual men, are at a higher risk of getting chlamydia.
– Pregnant people with chlamydia can pass the infection to their babies during childbirth, which can lead to eye infection or pneumonia.
– Chlamydia often has no symptoms, but it can cause serious health problems such as abnormal vaginal discharge and burning sensation when urinating in women, and discharge from the penis and burning sensation when urinating in men.
– Testing and treatment are essential to prevent health problems associated with chlamydia.
– Chlamydia can cause pain and swelling in testicles, pain and bleeding in rectum.
– Symptoms in women include unusual sore, smelly discharge, burning when peeing, bleeding between periods.
– Chlamydia can be diagnosed through laboratory tests using urine or vaginal samples.
– Chlamydia can be cured with proper treatment, but it won’t undo any permanent damage.
– Repeat infection with chlamydia is common, so testing should be done again after treatment.
– It is advised to wait until completion of treatment before having sex again (7 days for single dose, complete all doses for 7-day treatment).
– Untreated chlamydia in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, scarring of fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, long-term pelvic/abdominal pain.
– Men rarely have health problems from chlamydia, but it can cause fever and pain in testicle tubes, leading to infertility in rare cases.
– Untreated chlamydia increases the chances of HIV transmission.
– Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium.
– It infects the reproductive tract in women and the urethra in both men and women, but can also infect other mucous membranes.
– Approximately 1.6 million new gonococcal infections occurred in the US in 2018, with more than half occurring among young people aged 15-24.
– Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the US.
– Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner, and can also be spread from mother to baby during childbirth.
– Any sexually active person can be infected with gonorrhea, with the highest reported rates of infection among sexually active teenagers, young adults, and African Americans.
– Many men and women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic.
– Symptoms in men may include dysuria, urethral discharge, and testicular or scrotal pain.
– Symptoms in women may include dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, and are often mistaken for other infections.
– Rectal infection may cause discharge, itching, soreness, bleeding, or painful bowel movements.
– Pharyngeal infection may cause a sore throat, but is usually asymptomatic.
– Untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious health problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease in women, which can cause abdominal pain, fever, abscesses, chronic pain, infertility, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
– Gonorrhea can cause epididymitis and potentially infertility in men.
– Untreated gonorrhea can also spread to the blood and cause disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), which can be life-threatening.
– Gonorrhea can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV.
– Pregnant women with gonorrhea can pass the infection to their baby during delivery, leading to complications such as blindness or blood infection.
– Testing for gonorrhea is recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those with symptoms or who have a partner with gonorrhea.
– The recommended treatment is a single 500 mg intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone, although alternative regimens are available.
– Antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhea is a growing concern.
– Individuals treated for pharyngeal gonorrhea should undergo a test-of-cure 7-14 days after treatment.
– Men and women with gonorrhea should be retested three months after treatment, regardless of their partner’s treatment status.
– Suspected gonorrhea treatment failure or reduced cephalosporin susceptibility can be reported through the Suspected Gonorrhea Treatment Failure Consultation Form.
– It is advised that individuals inform their recent sex partners about their diagnosis so they can seek treatment.
– It is recommended to avoid sexual activity until completing treatment and being symptom-free.
– Latex condoms can reduce the transmission risk of gonorrhea.
– Abstaining from sex or being in a monogamous relationship with a tested and uninfected partner is the most effective way to prevent gonorrhea transmission.
– Genital symptoms such as discharge, burning during urination, sores, or rash should prompt immediate medical attention.
– People who have recently had a sexual partner diagnosed with an STD should seek evaluation.
– Yearly gonorrhea screening is recommended for sexually active women younger than 25 years and older women with risk factors.
– Urogenital gonorrhea can be diagnosed using urine or genital specimens with nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) or gonorrhea culture.
– CDC recommends a single 500 mg intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhea.
– Alternative regimens are available if ceftriaxone cannot be used.
– Antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhea is a growing concern.
– It is important for individuals who are treated for gonorrhea to return to a healthcare provider for reevaluation and a test-of-cure 7-14 days after treatment for throat infections.
– Both men and women should be retested three months after treatment, regardless of their partners’ treatment outcomes.
– Suspected treatment failure can be reported through a consultation form.
– It is important for individuals to inform their recent sex partners so that they can also seek treatment.
– It is advised to refrain from sexual activity until completion of treatment and symptoms have resolved.
– Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can help reduce the risk of gonorrhea transmission.
– Abstinence or being in a mutually monogamous relationship with a non-infected partner are recommended for preventing STD transmission.
– Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.
– In women, trichomoniasis can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination.
– Men with trichomoniasis typically have no symptoms.
– Pregnant women with trichomoniasis might be at higher risk of delivering prematurely.
– Treatment for trichomoniasis involves taking antibiotics such as metronidazole, tinidazole, or secnidazole.
– All sexual partners should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection.
– Using condoms correctly every time during sex can reduce the risk of infection.
– Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.
– In women, trichomoniasis can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination.
– Men who have trichomoniasis typically have no symptoms.
– Pregnant women with trichomoniasis are at a higher risk of delivering their babies prematurely.
– Treatment for trichomoniasis involves taking antibiotics such as metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax), or secnidazole (Solosec).
– To prevent reinfection, all sexual partners should be treated simultaneously.
– Correct and consistent use of condoms can reduce the risk of infection.